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(比(bǐ )兴(xìng )，比(bǐ )兴(xìng ))

1.《诗(shī )》六(liù )义(yì )中(zhōng )“比(bǐ )”和(hé )“兴(xìng )”的(de )并(bìng )称(chēng )。比(bǐ )，以(yǐ )彼(bǐ )物(wù )比(bǐ )此(cǐ )物(wù )；兴(xìng )，先(xiān )言(yán )他(tā )物(wù )，以(yǐ )引(yǐn )起(qǐ )所(suǒ )咏(yǒng )之(zhī )辞(cí )。“比(bǐ )兴(xìng )”为(wéi )中(zhōng )国(guó )古(gǔ )典(diǎn )诗(shī )歌(gē )创(chuàng )作(zuò )传(chuán )统(tǒng )的(de )两(liǎng )种(zhǒng )表(biǎo )现(xiàn )手(shǒu )法(fǎ )。

南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )刘(liú )勰(xié )《文(wén )心(xīn )凋(diāo )龙(lóng )·比(bǐ )兴(xìng )》：“故(gù )比(bǐ )者(zhě )，附(fù )也(yě )；兴(xìng )者(zhě )，起(qǐ )也(yě )。附(fù )理(lǐ )者(zhě )，切(qiē )类(lèi )以(yǐ )指(zhǐ )事(shì )；起(qǐ )情(qíng )者(zhě )，依(yī )微(wēi )以(yǐ )拟(nǐ )议(yì )。”

南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )刘(liú )勰(xié )《文(wén )心(xīn )凋(diāo )龙(lóng )·辨(biàn )骚(sāo )》：“虯(qiú )龙(lóng )以(yǐ )喻(yù )君(jūn )子(zǐ )，云(yún )蜺(ní )以(yǐ )譬(pì )谗(chán )邪(xié )，比(bǐ )兴(xìng )之(zhī )义(yì )也(yě )。”

唐(táng )刘(liú )知(zhī )几(jǐ )《史(shǐ )通(tōng )·叙(xù )事(shì )》：“昔(xī )文(wén )章(zhāng )既(jì )作(zuò )，比(bǐ )兴(xìng )由(yóu )生(shēng )。鸟(niǎo )兽(shòu )以(yǐ )媲(pì )贤(xián )愚(yú )，草(cǎo )木(mù )以(yǐ )方(fāng )男(nán )女(nǚ )。诗(shī )人(rén )骚(sāo )客(kè )，言(yán )之(zhī )备(bèi )矣(yǐ )。”

唐(táng )刘(liú )知(zhī )几(jǐ )《杂(zá )说(shuō )上(shàng )》：“然(rán )自(zì )古(gǔ )设(shè )比(bǐ )兴(xìng )，而(ér )以(yǐ )草(cǎo )木(mù )方(fāng )人(rén )者(zhě )，皆(jiē )取(qǔ )其(qí )善(shàn )恶(è )、薰(xūn )莸(yóu )、荣(róng )枯(kū )、贞(zhēn )脆(cuì )而(ér )已(yǐ )。”参(cān )阅(yuè )《诗(shī )大(dà )序(xù )》、宋(sòng )朱(zhū )熹(xī )《诗(shī )集(jí )传(chuán )》。

2.指(zhǐ )创(chuàng )作(zuò )诗(shī )歌(gē )。

宋(sòng )王(wáng )安(ān )石(shí )《甘(gān )露(lù )歌(gē )》词(cí )：“尽(jìn )日(rì )含(hán )毫(háo )难(nán )比(bǐ )兴(xìng )，都(dōu )无(wú )色(sè )可(kě )并(bìng )。”

清(qīng )顾(gù )炎(yán )武(wǔ )《与(yǔ )人(rén )书(shū )》：“起(qǐ )八(bā )代(dài )之(zhī )衰(shuāi )，而(ér )树(shù )千(qiān )秋(qiū )之(zhī )业(yè )，非(fēi )明(míng )公(gōng )其(qí )谁(shuí )与(yǔ )归(guī )！当(dāng )不(bú )仅(jǐn )流(liú )连(lián )比(bǐ )兴(xìng )，传(chuán )播(bō )艺(yì )林(lín )，为(wéi )斯(sī )文(wén )之(zhī )盛(shèng )事(shì )矣(yǐ )。”

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●比兴（简体版）