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1.语(yǔ )本(běn )《易(yì )·繫(jì )辞(cí )上(shàng )》：“形(xíng )而(ér )上(shàng )者(zhě )谓(wèi )之(zhī )道(dào )，形(xíng )而(ér )下(xià )者(zhě )谓(wèi )之(zhī )器(qì )。”道(dào )器(qì )为(wéi )中(zhōng )国(guó )哲(zhé )学(xué )的(de )一(yī )对(duì )基(jī )本(běn )范(fàn )畴(chóu )。道(dào )是(shì )无(wú )形(xíng )的(de )，含(hán )有(yǒu )规(guī )律(lǜ )和(hé )准(zhǔn )则(zé )的(de )意(yì )义(yì )；器(qì )是(shì )有(yǒu )形(xíng )象(xiàng )的(de )，指(zhǐ )具(jù )体(tǐ )事(shì )物(wù )或(huò )名(míng )物(wù )制(zhì )度(dù )。道(dào )器(qì )关(guān )係(xì )实(shí )即(jí )抽(chōu )象(xiàng )道(dào )理(lǐ )与(yǔ )具(jù )体(tǐ )事(shì )物(wù )之(zhī )间(jiān )的(de )关(guān )係(xì )问(wèn )题(tí )。

2.通(tōng )权(quán )达(dá )变(biàn )与(yǔ )拘(jū )泥(ní )古(gǔ )板(bǎn )。

隋(suí )王(wáng )通(tōng )《中(zhōng )说(shuō )·周(zhōu )公(gōng )》：“温(wēn )彦(yàn )博(bó )问(wèn )：‘嵇(jī )康(kāng )、阮(ruǎn )籍(jí )何(hé )人(rén )也(yě )？’子(zǐ )曰(yuē )：‘古(gǔ )之(zhī )名(míng )理(lǐ )者(zhě )，而(ér )不(bú )能(néng )穷(qióng )也(yě )。’曰(yuē )：‘何(hé )谓(wèi )也(yě )？’子(zǐ )曰(yuē )：‘道(dào )不(bú )足(zú )而(ér )器(qì )有(yǒu )馀(yú )。’曰(yuē )：‘敢(gǎn )问(wèn )道(dào )器(qì )？’子(zǐ )曰(yuē )：‘通(tōng )变(biàn )之(zhī )谓(wèi )道(dào )，执(zhí )方(fāng )之(zhī )谓(wèi )器(qì )。’”

3.儒(rú )家(jiā )经(jīng )典(diǎn )的(de )要(yào )义(yì )及(jí )各(gè )儒(rú )家(jiā )流(liú )派(pài )对(duì )经(jīng )典(diǎn )要(yào )义(yì )的(de )诠(quán )释(shì )。

元(yuán )虞(yú )集(jí )《鹤(hè )山(shān )书(shū )院(yuàn )记(jì )》：“于(yú )是(shì )传(chuán )注(zhù )之(zhī )所(suǒ )存(cún )者(zhě )，其(qí )舛(chuǎn )讹(é )牴(dī )牾(wǔ )之(zhī )相(xiàng )承(chéng )，既(jì )无(wú )以(yǐ )明(míng )辨(biàn )其(qí )非(fēi )是(shì )，而(ér )名(míng )物(wù )度(dù )数(shù )之(zhī )幸(xìng )在(zài )者(zhě )，又(yòu )不(bú )察(chá )其(qí )本(běn )原(yuán )，诚(chéng )使(shǐ )有(yǒu )为(wéi )于(yú )世(shì )，何(hé )以(yǐ )徵(zhēng )圣(shèng )人(rén )制(zhì )作(zuò )之(zhī )意(yì )，而(ér )为(wéi )因(yīn )革(gé )损(sǔn )益(yì )之(zhī )器(qì )哉(zāi )！魏(wèi )氏(shì )又(yòu )有(yǒu )忧(yōu )于(yú )此(cǐ )也(yě )，故(gù )其(qí )致(zhì )知(zhī )之(zhī )日(rì )，加(jiā )意(yì )于(yú )《仪(yí )礼(lǐ )》、《周(zhōu )官(guān )》、大(dà )小(xiǎo )《戴(dài )》之(zhī )记(jì )，及(jí )取(qǔ )诸(zhū )经(jīng )注(zhù )疏(shū )正(zhèng )义(yì )之(zhī )文(wén )，据(jù )事(shì )别(bié )类(lèi )而(ér )录(lù )之(zhī )，谓(wèi )之(zhī )《九(jiǔ )经(jīng )要(yào )义(yì )》。其(qí )志(zhì )将(jiāng )以(yǐ )见(jiàn )夫(fū )道(dào )器(qì )之(zhī )不(bú )离(lí )，而(ér )有(yǒu )以(yǐ )正(zhèng )其(qí )臆(yì )说(shuō )聚(jù )讼(sòng )之(zhī )惑(huò )世(shì )。”

4.谓(wèi )大(dà )器(qì )。

清(qīng )王(wáng )夫(fū )之(zhī )《牧(mù )石(shí )先(xiān )生(shēng )暨(jì )吴(wú )太(tài )恭(gōng )人(rén )合(hé )祔(fù )墓(mù )表(biǎo )》：“于(yú )童(tóng )年(nián )，小(xiǎo )有(yǒu )过(guò )失(shī )，少(shǎo )峰(fēng )公(gōng )责(zé )谴(qiǎn )门(mén )外(wài )，永(yǒng )夕(xī )下(xià )钥(yào )，时(shí )当(dāng )除(chú )夕(xī )，风(fēng )雪(xuě )凄(qī )迷(mí )。先(xiān )考(kǎo )私(sī )从(cóng )隙(xì )道(dào )掖(yè )令(lìng )归(guī )寝(qǐn )。先(xiān )生(shēng )引(yǐn )咎(jiù )自(zì )责(zé )，必(bì )遵(zūn )庭(tíng )命(mìng )。翼(yì )日(rì )元(yuán )旦(dàn )，少(shǎo )峰(fēng )公(gōng )方(fāng )启(qǐ )扉(fēi )焚(fén )香(xiāng )，先(xiān )生(shēng )怡(yí )颜(yán )长(zhǎng )跽(jì )。

少(shǎo )峰(fēng )公(gōng )且(qiě )喜(xǐ )且(qiě )泣(qì )，称(chēng )其(qí )允(yǔn )为(wéi )道(dào )器(qì )。”

5.指(zhǐ )精(jīng )神(shén )及(jí )物(wù )质(zhì )文(wén )明(míng )。

梁(liáng )启(qǐ )超(chāo )《新(xīn )民(mín )说(shuō )》十(shí )一(yī )：“言(yán )文(wén )分(fèn )而(ér )人(rén )智(zhì )局(jú )也(yě )，文(wén )字(zì )为(wéi )发(fā )明(míng )道(dào )器(qì )第(dì )一(yī )要(yào )件(jiàn )。其(qí )繁(fán )简(jiǎn )难(nán )易(yì )，常(cháng )与(yǔ )民(mín )族(zú )文(wén )明(míng )程(chéng )度(dù )之(zhī )高(gāo )下(xià )为(wéi )比(bǐ )例(lì )差(chà )。”

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●道器（简体版）