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(异(yì )义(yì )，异(yì )义(yì ))

1.不(bú )同(tóng )的(de )含(hán )义(yì )；意(yì )思(sī )不(bú )同(tóng )。

《墨(mò )子(zǐ )·尚(shàng )同(tóng )上(shàng )》：“古(gǔ )者(zhě )民(mín )始(shǐ )生(shēng )，未(wèi )有(yǒu )刑(xíng )政(zhèng )之(zhī )时(shí )，盖(gài )其(qí )语(yǔ )，人(rén )异(yì )义(yì )。”

清(qīng )俞(yú )樾(yuè )《古(gǔ )书(shū )疑(yí )义(yì )举(jǔ )例(lì )·上(shàng )下(xià )同(tóng )字(zì )异(yì )义(yì )例(lì )》：“古(gǔ )书(shū )亦(yì )有(yǒu )上(shàng )下(xià )文(wén )同(tóng )字(zì )而(ér )异(yì )义(yì )者(zhě )。”

2.不(bú )同(tóng )的(de )观(guān )点(diǎn )；新(xīn )的(de )见(jiàn )解(jiě )。

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·章(zhāng )帝(dì )纪(jì )》：“其(qí )令(lìng )群(qún )儒(rú )选(xuǎn )高(gāo )才(cái )生(shēng )，受(shòu )学(xué )《左(zuǒ )氏(shì )》、《穀(yù )梁(liáng )春(chūn )秋(qiū )》，《古(gǔ )文(wén )尚(shàng )书(shū )》，《毛(máo )诗(shī )》，以(yǐ )扶(fú )微(wēi )学(xué )，广(guǎng )异(yì )义(yì )焉(yān )。”

《晋(jìn )书(shū )·王(wáng )接(jiē )传(chuán )》：“﹝接(jiē )﹞备(bèi )览(lǎn )众(zhòng )书(shū )，多(duō )出(chū )异(yì )义(yì )。”

3.指(zhǐ )不(bú )同(tóng )的(de )意(yì )见(jiàn )，异(yì )议(yì )。

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《次(cì )韵(yùn )答(dá )刘(liú )泾(jīng )》：“新(xīn )音(yīn )百(bǎi )变(biàn )口(kǒu )如(rú )莺(yīng )，异(yì )义(yì )蜂(fēng )起(qǐ )弟(dì )子(zǐ )争(zhēng )。”一(yī )本(běn )作(zuò )“异(yì )议(yì )”。

4.道(dào )理(lǐ )不(bú )同(tóng )。

汉(hàn )班(bān )固(gù )《白(bái )虎(hǔ )通(tōng )·三(sān )军(jūn )》：“告(gào )天(tiān )何(hé )？示(shì )不(bú )自(zì )专(zhuān )，非(fēi )出(chū )辞(cí )反(fǎn )面(miàn )之(zhī )道(dào )也(yě )，与(yǔ )宗(zōng )庙(miào )异(yì )义(yì )。”

南(nán )朝(cháo )宋(sòng )颜(yán )延(yán )之(zhī )《重(zhòng )释(shì )何(hé )衡(héng )阳(yáng )》：“故(gù )方(fāng )罚(fá )矜(jīn )功(gōng )，而(ér )滥(làn )咎(jiù )忘(wàng )贤(xián )，遗(yí )存(cún )异(yì )义(yì )，公(gōng )私(sī )殊(shū )异(yì )，已(yǐ )备(bèi )前(qián )白(bái )。”

5.违(wéi )反(fǎn )常(cháng )规(guī )、礼(lǐ )法(fǎ )。

汉(hàn )何(hé )休(xiū )《＜春(chūn )秋(qiū )公(gōng )羊(yáng )传(chuán )＞序(xù )》：“传(chuán )《春(chūn )秋(qiū )》非(fēi )一(yī )，本(běn )据(jù )乱(luàn )而(ér )作(zuò )，其(qí )中(zhōng )多(duō )非(fēi )常(cháng )异(yì )义(yì )可(kě )怪(guài )之(zhī )论(lùn )。”

徐(xú )彦(yàn )疏(shū )：“非(fēi )常(cháng )异(yì )义(yì )者(zhě )，即(jí )庄(zhuāng )四(sì )年(nián )齐(qí )襄(xiāng )复(fù )九(jiǔ )世(shì )之(zhī )雠(chóu )而(ér )灭(miè )纪(jì )，僖(xī )元(yuán )年(nián )实(shí )与(yǔ )齐(qí )桓(huán )专(zhuān )封(fēng )是(shì )也(yě )，此(cǐ )即(jí )非(fēi )常(cháng )之(zhī )异(yì )义(yì )，言(yán )异(yì )于(yú )文(wén )武(wǔ )时(shí )……若(ruò )其(qí )常(cháng )义(yì )，则(zé )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )不(bú )得(dé )擅(shàn )灭(miè )，诸(zhū )侯(hóu )不(bú )得(dé )专(zhuān )封(fēng )。”

宋(sòng )曾(céng )巩(gǒng )《为(wéi )人(rén )后(hòu )议(yì )》：“故(gù )为(wéi )人(rén )后(hòu )者(zhě )，为(wéi )之(zhī )降(jiàng )其(qí )父(fù )母(mǔ )之(zhī )服(fú )，《礼(lǐ )》则(zé )有(yǒu )之(zhī )矣(yǐ )；为(wéi )之(zhī )绝(jué )其(qí )父(fù )母(mǔ )之(zhī )名(míng )，则(zé )《礼(lǐ )》未(wèi )之(zhī )有(yǒu )也(yě )……今(jīn )欲(yù )使(shǐ )从(cóng )所(suǒ )后(hòu )者(zhě )为(wéi )属(shǔ )，而(ér )变(biàn )革(gé )其(qí )父(fù )母(mǔ )之(zhī )名(míng )，此(cǐ )非(fēi )常(cháng )异(yì )义(yì )也(yě )。”

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