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1.指(zhǐ )古(gǔ )代(dài )诗(shī )文(wén )中(zhōng )为(wéi )求(qiú )协(xié )韵(yùn )或(huò )句(jù )法(fǎ )变(biàn )化(huà )而(ér )倒(dǎo )置(zhì )文(wén )字(zì )的(de )现(xiàn )象(xiàng )。

宋(sòng )孙(sūn )奕(yì )《履(lǚ )斋(zhāi )示(shì )儿(ér )编(biān )·总(zǒng )说(shuō )·倒(dǎo )文(wén )》：“六(liù )经(jīng )或(huò )倒(dǎo )其(qí )文(wén )，如(rú )《易(yì )》之(zhī )‘西(xī )南(nán )得(dé )朋(péng )’、‘吉(jí )凶(xiōng )者(zhě )失(shī )得(dé )之(zhī )象(xiàng )’，类(lèi )皆(jiē )有(yǒu )之(zhī )，唯(wéi )《诗(shī )》为(wéi )多(duō )，如(rú )‘中(zhōng )林(lín )’、‘中(zhōng )谷(gǔ )’、‘家(jiā )室(shì )’、‘裳(shang )衣(yī )’、‘衡(héng )从(cóng )’……不(bú )一(yī )而(ér )尽(jìn )。”

清(qīng )俞(yú )樾(yuè )《古(gǔ )书(shū )疑(yí )义(yì )举(jǔ )例(lì )·倒(dǎo )文(wén )协(xié )韵(yùn )例(lì )》：“古(gǔ )书(shū )多(duō )韵(yùn )语(yǔ )，故(gù )倒(dǎo )文(wén )协(xié )韵(yùn )者(zhě )甚(shèn )多(duō )。”

姚(yáo )维(wéi )锐(ruì )《古(gǔ )书(shū )疑(yí )义(yì )举(jǔ )例(lì )增(zēng )补(bǔ )·补(bǔ )倒(dǎo )文(wén )成(chéng )句(jù )例(lì )》：“昭(zhāo )十(shí )三(sān )年(nián )《左(zuǒ )传(chuán )》：‘我(wǒ )之(zhī )不(bú )共(gòng )，鲁(lǔ )故(gù )之(zhī )以(yǐ )。’杜(dù )注(zhù )云(yún )：‘不(bú )共(gòng )晋(jìn )贡(gòng )，以(yǐ )鲁(lǔ )故(gù )也(yě )。’愚(yú )按(àn )：‘鲁(lǔ )故(gù )之(zhī )以(yǐ )’，犹(yóu )言(yán )‘因(yīn )鲁(lǔ )之(zhī )故(gù )’，倒(dǎo )文(wén )成(chéng )句(jù )也(yě )。”

2.因(yīn )抄(chāo )刊(kān )古(gǔ )书(shū )而(ér )误(wù )倒(dǎo )的(de )文(wén )字(zì )。如(rú )《淮(huái )南(nán )子(zǐ )·原(yuán )道(dào )训(xùn )》：“游(yóu )微(wēi )雾(wù )，骛(wù )怳(huǎng )忽(hū )。”

王(wáng )念(niàn )孙(sūn )说(shuō )：“怳(huǎng )忽(hū )”应(yīng )是(shì )“忽(hū )怳(huǎng )”。

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