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(无(wú )状(zhuàng )，无(wú )状(zhuàng ))

1.没(méi )有(yǒu )形(xíng )状(zhuàng )。

《老(lǎo )子(zǐ )》：“绳(shéng )绳(shéng )不(bú )可(kě )名(míng )，复(fù )归(guī )于(yú )无(wú )物(wù )。是(shì )谓(wèi )无(wú )状(zhuàng )之(zhī )状(zhuàng )，无(wú )物(wù )之(zhī )象(xiàng )。”

王(wáng )弼(bì )注(zhù )：“欲(yù )言(yán )无(wú )邪(xié )，而(ér )物(wù )由(yóu )以(yǐ )成(chéng )；欲(yù )言(yán )有(yǒu )邪(xié )，而(ér )不(bú )见(jiàn )其(qí )形(xíng )，故(gù )曰(yuē )：‘无(wú )状(zhuàng )之(zhī )状(zhuàng )，无(wú )物(wù )之(zhī )象(xiàng )’也(yě )。”

《吕(lǚ )氏(shì )春(chūn )秋(qiū )·大(dà )乐(lè )》：“有(yǒu )知(zhī )不(bú )见(jiàn )之(zhī )见(jiàn )，不(bú )闻(wén )之(zhī )闻(wén )，无(wú )状(zhuàng )之(zhī )状(zhuàng )者(zhě )，则(zé )几(jǐ )于(yú )知(zhī )之(zhī )矣(yǐ )。”

2.没(méi )有(yǒu )功(gōng )绩(jì )。

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·夏(xià )本(běn )纪(jì )》：“﹝舜(shùn )﹞行(háng )视(shì )鲧(gǔn )之(zhī )治(zhì )水(shuǐ )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，乃(nǎi )殛(jí )鲧(gǔn )于(yú )羽(yǔ )山(shān )以(yǐ )死(sǐ )。”

宋(sòng )叶(yè )适(shì )《始(shǐ )议(yì )一(yī )》：“然(rán )宰(zǎi )辅(fǔ )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，踵(zhǒng )失(shī )策(cè )，继(jì )旧(jiù )盟(méng )，卒(zú )亦(yì )黾(miǎn )勉(miǎn )割(gē )四(sì )要(yào )郡(jùn )畀(bì )之(zhī )。”

3.谓(wèi )行(háng )为(wéi )失(shī )检(jiǎn )，没(méi )有(yǒu )礼(lǐ )貌(mào )。

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·项(xiàng )羽(yǔ )本(běn )纪(jì )》：“诸(zhū )侯(hóu )吏(lì )卒(zú )异(yì )时(shí )故(gù )繇(yáo )使(shǐ )屯(tún )戍(shù )过(guò )秦(qín )中(zhōng )，秦(qín )中(zhōng )吏(lì )卒(zú )遇(yù )之(zhī )多(duō )无(wú )状(zhuàng )。”

宋(sòng )周(zhōu )密(mì )《齐(qí )东(dōng )野(yě )语(yǔ )·汪(wāng )端(duān )明(míng )》：“陛(bì )下(xià )方(fāng )以(yǐ )天(tiān )下(xià )养(yǎng )，有(yǒu )司(sī )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，亵(xiè )慢(màn )如(rú )此(cǐ )。”

《封(fēng )神(shén )演(yǎn )义(yì )》第(dì )五(wǔ )十(shí )回(huí )：“尔(ěr )师(shī )见(jiàn )吾(wú )且(qiě )躬(gōng )身(shēn )稽(jī )首(shǒu )，你(nǐ )焉(yān )敢(gǎn )无(wú )状(zhuàng )！”京(jīng )剧(jù )《白(bái )蛇(shé )传(chuán )》第(dì )十(shí )六(liù )场(chǎng )：“小(xiǎo )青(qīng )儿(ér )性(xìng )粗(cū )鲁(lǔ )出(chū )言(yán )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，怎(zěn )比(bǐ )得(dé )老(lǎo )禅(chán )师(shī )量(liàng )似(sì )海(hǎi )洋(yáng )？”

4.谓(wèi )所(suǒ )行(háng )丑(chǒu )恶(è )无(wú )善(shàn )状(zhuàng )。亦(yì )多(duō )作(zuò )自(zì )谦(qiān )之(zhī )辞(cí )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·东(dōng )方(fāng )朔(shuò )传(chuán )》：“妾(qiè )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，负(fù )陛(bì )下(xià )，身(shēn )当(dāng )伏(fú )诛(zhū )。”

宋(sòng )王(wáng )安(ān )石(shí )《与(yǔ )徐(xú )贤(xián )良(liáng )书(shū )》：“向(xiàng )蒙(méng )贤(xián )者(zhě )不(bú )以(yǐ )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，远(yuǎn )赐(cì )存(cún )省(shěng )。”

清(qīng )姚(yáo )鼐(nài )《吴(wú )荀(xún )叔(shū )＜杉(shān )亭(tíng )集(jí )＞序(xù )》：“余(yú )之(zhī )庸(yōng )闇(ān )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，固(gù )不(bú )足(zú )比(bǐ )侪(chái )类(lèi )。”

5.谓(wèi )罪(zuì )大(dà )不(bú )可(kě )言(yán )状(zhuàng )。

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·翟(zhái )方(fāng )进(jìn )传(chuán )》：“丞(chéng )相(xiàng )、御(yù )史(shǐ )请(qǐng )遣(qiǎn )掾(yuàn )史(shǐ )与(yǔ )司(sī )隶(lì )校(xiào )尉(wèi )、部(bù )刺(cì )史(shǐ )并(bìng )力(lì )逐(zhú )捕(bǔ )，察(chá )无(wú )状(zhuàng )者(zhě )。”

《新(xīn )唐(táng )书(shū )·孙(sūn )伏(fú )伽(gā )传(chuán )》：“臣(chén )愚(yú )以(yǐ )为(wéi )贼(zéi )党(dǎng )于(yú )赦(shè )当(dāng )免(miǎn )者(zhě )，虽(suī )甚(shèn )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，宜(yí )一(yī )切(qiē )加(jiā )原(yuán )，则(zé )天(tiān )下(xià )幸(xìng )甚(shèn )！”

《续(xù )资(zī )治(zhì )通(tōng )鉴(jiàn )·宋(sòng )孝(xiào )宗(zōng )隆(lóng )兴(xìng )元(yuán )年(nián )》：“张(zhāng )栻(shì )奏(zòu )卢(lú )仲(zhòng )贤(xián )辱(rǔ )国(guó )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，擅(shàn )许(xǔ )四(sì )州(zhōu )，下(xià )大(dà )理(lǐ )寺(sì )，夺(duó )三(sān )官(guān )。”

6.没(méi )有(yǒu )事(shì )实(shí )；没(méi )有(yǒu )根(gēn )据(jù )。

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·窦(dòu )武(wǔ )传(chuán )》：“抑(yì )夺(duó )宦(huàn )官(guān )欺(qī )国(guó )之(zhī )封(fēng )，桉(ān )其(qí )无(wú )状(zhuàng )诬(wū )罔(wǎng )之(zhī )罪(zuì )。”

《新(xīn )唐(táng )书(shū )·张(zhāng )嘉(jiā )贞(zhēn )传(chuán )》：“﹝嘉(jiā )贞(zhēn )﹞明(míng )年(nián )入(rù )朝(cháo )，或(huò )告(gào )其(qí )反(fǎn )，按(àn )无(wú )状(zhuàng )。帝(dì )令(lìng )坐(zuò )告(gào )者(zhě )。”

《宋(sòng )史(shǐ )·傅(fù )尧(yáo )俞(yú )传(chuán )》：“皇(huáng )城(chéng )逻(luó )卒(zú )吴(wú )清(qīng )诬(wū )奏(zòu )富(fù )民(mín )杀(shā )人(rén )，鞠(jū )治(zhì )无(wú )状(zhuàng )。”

7.引(yǐn )申(shēn )为(wéi )无(wú )缘(yuán )故(gù )。

晋(jìn )干(gàn )宝(bǎo )《搜(sōu )神(shén )记(jì )》卷(juàn )二(èr )十(shí )：“我(wǒ )昔(xī )昏(hūn )醉(zuì )，汝(rǔ )无(wú )状(zhuàng )杀(shā )我(wǒ )。我(wǒ )昔(xī )醉(zuì )，不(bú )识(shí )汝(rǔ )面(miàn )，故(gù )三(sān )年(nián )不(bú )相(xiàng )知(zhī )；今(jīn )日(rì )来(lái )就(jiù )死(sǐ )。”

《北(běi )齐(qí )书(shū )·娄(lóu )昭(zhāo )传(chuán )》：“此(cǐ )州(zhōu )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，横(héng )被(bèi )残(cán )贼(zéi )，其(qí )君(jūn )是(shì )怨(yuàn )，其(qí )人(rén )何(hé )罪(zuì )？”

《太(tài )平(píng )广(guǎng )记(jì )》卷(juàn )四(sì )四(sì )九(jiǔ )引(yǐn )唐(táng )戴(dài )孚(fú )《广(guǎng )异(yì )记(jì )·谢(xiè )溷(hùn )之(zhī )》：“县(xiàn )令(lìng )无(wú )状(zhuàng )，杀(shā )我(wǒ )父(fù )兄(xiōng )。今(jīn )我(wǒ )二(èr )弟(dì )诣(yì )台(tái )诉(sù )冤(yuān )。”

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●无状（简体版）