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(纸(zhǐ )牌(pái )，纸(zhǐ )牌(pái ))

1.用(yòng )硬(yìng )纸(zhǐ )製(zhì )成(chéng )的(de )博(bó )戏(xì )之(zhī )具(jù )。印(yìn )有(yǒu )各(gè )种(zhǒng )点(diǎn )子(zǐ )、图(tú )桉(ān )或(huò )文(wén )字(zì )，形(xíng )式(shì )多(duō )样(yàng )，用(yòng )法(fǎ )各(gè )异(yì )。

明(míng )谢(xiè )肇(zhào )淛(zhè )《五(wǔ )杂(zá )俎(zǔ )·人(rén )部(bù )二(èr )》：“有(yǒu )纸(zhǐ )牌(pái )，其(qí )部(bù )有(yǒu )四(sì )：曰(yuē )钱(qián )，曰(yuē )贯(guàn )，曰(yuē )十(shí )，曰(yuē )万(wàn )。而(ér )立(lì )都(dōu )总(zǒng )管(guǎn )以(yǐ )统(tǒng )之(zhī )，大(dà )可(kě )以(yǐ )捉(zhuō )小(xiǎo )，而(ér )总(zǒng )管(guǎn )则(zé )无(wú )不(bú )捉(zhuō )也(yě )。其(qí )法(fǎ )近(jìn )于(yú )孙(sūn )武(wǔ )二(èr )驷(sì )之(zhī )术(shù )，而(ér )吴(wú )中(zhōng )人(rén )有(yǒu )取(qǔ )九(jiǔ )而(ér )捉(zhuō )者(zhě )。”

清(qīng )赵(zhào )翼(yì )《陔(gāi )馀(yú )丛(cóng )考(kǎo )·叶(yè )子(zǐ )戏(xì )》：“马(mǎ )令(lìng )《南(nán )唐(táng )书(shū )》：李(lǐ )后(hòu )主(zhǔ )妃(fēi )周(zhōu )氏(shì )又(yòu )编(biān )金(jīn )叶(yè )子(zǐ )格(gé )，即(jí )今(jīn )之(zhī )纸(zhǐ )牌(pái )也(yě )……则(zé )纸(zhǐ )牌(pái )之(zhī )戏(xì )，唐(táng )已(yǐ )有(yǒu )之(zhī )。今(jīn )之(zhī )以(yǐ )《水(shuǐ )浒(hǔ )》人(rén )分(fèn )配(pèi )者(zhě )，盖(gài )沿(yán )其(qí )式(shì )而(ér )易(yì )其(qí )名(míng )耳(ěr )。”

沉(chén )从(cóng )文(wén )《从(cóng )文(wén )自(zì )传(chuán )·一(yī )个(gè )老(lǎo )战(zhàn )兵(bīng )》：“家(jiā )中(zhōng )有(yǒu )无(wú )数(shù )的(de )武(wǔ )器(qì )，同(tóng )时(shí )也(yě )有(yǒu )无(wú )数(shù )的(de )玩(wán )具(jù )：有(yǒu )锣(luó )，有(yǒu )鼓(gǔ )，有(yǒu )笛(dí )子(zǐ )胡(hú )琴(qín )，渔(yú )鼓(gǔ )简(jiǎn )板(bǎn )，有(yǒu )骨(gǔ )牌(pái )纸(zhǐ )牌(pái )，无(wú )不(bú )齐(qí )全(quán )。”

2.旧(jiù )时(shí )下(xià )行(háng )公(gōng )文(wén )名(míng )。

明(míng )唐(táng )顺(shùn )之(zhī )《三(sān )沙(shā )贼(zéi )遯(dùn )疏(shū )》：“查(chá )得(dé )先(xiān )据(jù )守(shǒu )备(bèi )卢(lú )相(xiàng )呈(chéng )抄(chāo )蒙(méng )狼(láng )山(shān )副(fù )总(zǒng )兵(bīng )官(guān )曹(cáo )克(kè )新(xīn )纸(zhǐ )牌(pái )，奉(fèng )提(tí )督(dū )李(lǐ )军(jūn )门(mén )钧(jūn )牌(pái )，备(bèi )仰(yǎng )副(fù )总(zǒng )兵(bīng )官(guān )督(dū )同(tóng )卑(bēi )职(zhí )相(xiàng )度(dù )各(gè )兵(bīng )船(chuán )损(sǔn )坏(huài )撤(chè )回(huí )营(yíng )前(qián )沙(shā )停(tíng )泊(bó )修(xiū )理(lǐ )。”

明(míng )冯(féng )梦(mèng )龙(lóng )《智(zhì )囊(náng )补(bǔ )·上(shàng )智(zhì )·范(fàn )檟(jiǎ )》：“今(jīn )以(yǐ )旗(qí )甲(jiǎ )守(shǒu )舡(chuán )，而(ér )用(yòng )其(qí )十(shí )人(rén )为(wéi )夫(fū )，彼(bǐ )利(lì )得(dé )僦(jiù )直(zhí )，趋(qū )役(yì )必(bì )喜(xǐ )，第(dì )须(xū )一(yī )纸(zhǐ )牌(pái )耳(ěr )。”

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