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1.上(shàng )古(gǔ )种(zhǒng )族(zú )名(míng )。为(wéi )殷(yīn )周(zhōu )西(xī )北(běi )境(jìng )强(qiáng )敌(dí )。

《易(yì )·既(jì )济(jì )》：“高(gāo )宗(zōng )伐(fá )鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )，三(sān )年(nián )克(kè )之(zhī )。”

《诗(shī )·大(dà )雅(yǎ )·荡(dàng )》：“内(nèi )奰(bì )于(yú )中(zhōng )国(guó )，覃(tán )及(jí )鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )。”

毛(máo )传(chuán )：“鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )，远(yuǎn )方(fāng )也(yě )。”

朱(zhū )熹(xī )集(jí )传(chuán )：“鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )，远(yuǎn )夷(yí )之(zhī )国(guó )也(yě )。”参(cān )阅(yuè )宋(sòng )王(wáng )应(yīng )麟(lín )《困(kùn )学(xué )纪(jì )闻(wén )·易(yì )》、王(wáng )国(guó )维(wéi )《观(guān )堂(táng )集(jí )林(lín )·鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )昆(kūn )夷(yí )玁(xiǎn )狁(yǔn )考(kǎo )》。

2.泛(fàn )指(zhǐ )边(biān )远(yuǎn )之(zhī )地(dì )的(de )少(shǎo )数(shù )民(mín )族(zú )。

《文(wén )选(xuǎn )·扬(yáng )雄(xióng )＜赵(zhào )充(chōng )国(guó )颂(sòng )＞》：“遂(suí )克(kè )西(xī )戎(róng )，还(hái )师(shī )于(yú )京(jīng )；鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )宾(bīn )服(fú )，罔(wǎng )有(yǒu )不(bú )庭(tíng )。”

李(lǐ )善(shàn )注(zhù )：“《世(shì )本(běn )》注(zhù )曰(yuē )：‘鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )，于(yú )汉(hàn )则(zé )先(xiān )零(líng )戎(róng )是(shì )也(yě )。’”唐(táng )张(zhāng )说(shuō )《将(jiāng )赴(fù )朔(shuò )方(fāng )军(jūn )》诗(shī )：“恭(gōng )凭(píng )神(shén )武(wǔ )策(cè )，远(yuǎn )御(yù )鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )人(rén )。”

清(qīng )赵(zhào )翼(yì )《苗(miáo )人(rén )》诗(shī )：“莫(mò )笑(xiào )鬼(guǐ )方(fāng )陋(lòu )，淳(chún )如(rú )怀(huái )葛(gě )民(mín )。”

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