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古(gǔ )代(dài )用(yòng )以(yǐ )测(cè )日(rì )影(yǐng )、正(zhèng )四(sì )时(shí )和(hé )测(cè )度(dù )土(tǔ )地(dì )的(de )器(qì )具(jù )。

《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )·地(dì )官(guān )·大(dà )司(sī )徒(tú )》：“以(yǐ )土(tǔ )圭(guī )之(zhī )法(fǎ )，测(cè )土(tǔ )深(shēn )，正(zhèng )日(rì )景(jǐng )，以(yǐ )求(qiú )地(dì )中(zhōng )。”

贾(jiǎ )公(gōng )彦(yàn )疏(shū )：“土(tǔ )圭(guī )尺(chǐ )有(yǒu )五(wǔ )寸(cùn )，周(zhōu )公(gōng )摄(shè )政(zhèng )四(sì )年(nián )，欲(yù )求(qiú )土(tǔ )中(zhōng )而(ér )营(yíng )王(wáng )城(chéng )，故(gù )以(yǐ )土(tǔ )圭(guī )度(dù )日(rì )景(jǐng )之(zhī )法(fǎ )测(cè )度(dù )也(yě )。度(dù )土(tǔ )之(zhī )深(shēn )，深(shēn )谓(wèi )日(rì )景(jǐng )长(zhǎng )短(duǎn )之(zhī )深(shēn )也(yě )。”

《文(wén )选(xuǎn )·张(zhāng )衡(héng )＜东(dōng )京(jīng )赋(fù )＞》：“土(tǔ )圭(guī )测(cè )景(jǐng )，不(bú )缩(suō )不(bú )盈(yíng )。”

李(lǐ )善(shàn )注(zhù )引(yǐn )郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )曰(yuē )：“土(tǔ )，度(dù )也(yě )；缩(suō )，短(duǎn )也(yě )；盈(yíng )，长(zhǎng )也(yě )。谓(wèi )圭(guī )长(zhǎng )一(yī )尺(chǐ )五(wǔ )寸(cùn )，夏(xià )至(zhì )之(zhī )日(rì )，竖(shù )八(bā )尺(chǐ )表(biǎo )，日(rì )中(zhōng )而(ér )度(dù )之(zhī )，圭(guī )影(yǐng )正(zhèng )等(děng )，天(tiān )当(dāng )中(zhōng )也(yě )。”

《南(nán )史(shǐ )·宋(sòng )纪(jì )上(shàng )》：“长(zhǎng )安(ān )丰(fēng )稔(rěn )，帑(tǎng )藏(cáng )盈(yíng )积(jī )，帝(dì )先(xiān )收(shōu )其(qí )彝(yí )器(qì )、浑(hún )仪(yí )、土(tǔ )圭(guī )、记(jì )里(lǐ )鼓(gǔ )、指(zhǐ )南(nán )车(chē )及(jí )秦(qín )始(shǐ )皇(huáng )玉(yù )玺(xǐ )送(sòng )之(zhī )都(dōu )。”

明(míng )张(zhāng )煌(huáng )言(yán )《至(zhì )夜(yè )传(chuán )王(wáng )师(shī )出(chū )东(dōng )粤(yuè )志(zhì )喜(xǐ )》诗(shī )：“土(tǔ )圭(guī )才(cái )见(jiàn )影(yǐng )初(chū )长(zhǎng )，忽(hū )报(bào )天(tiān )声(shēng )出(chū )五(wǔ )羊(yáng )。”

竺(zhú )可(kě )桢(zhēn )《中(zhōng )国(guó )古(gǔ )代(dài )在(zài )天(tiān )文(wén )学(xué )上(shàng )的(de )伟(wěi )大(dà )贡(gòng )献(xiàn )》：“公(gōng )曆(lì )纪(jì )元(yuán )前(qián )七(qī )世(shì )纪(jì )，已(yǐ )采(cǎi )用(yòng )土(tǔ )圭(guī )来(lái )观(guān )测(cè )日(rì )影(yǐng )。”

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●土圭（简体版）