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1.虚(xū )伪(wěi )文(wén )饰(shì )的(de )话(huà )，假(jiǎ )话(huà )。

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·商(shāng )君(jūn )列(liè )传(chuán )》：“语(yǔ )有(yǒu )之(zhī )矣(yǐ )：‘貌(mào )言(yán )，华(huá )也(yě )；至(zhì )言(yán )，实(shí )也(yě )；苦(kǔ )言(yán )，药(yào )也(yě )；甘(gān )言(yán )，疾(jí )也(yě )。’”

《南(nán )史(shǐ )·齐(qí )豫(yù )章(zhāng )文(wén )献(xiàn )王(wáng )嶷(yí )传(chuán )》：“嶷(yí )谓(wèi )上(shàng )曰(yuē )：‘古(gǔ )来(lái )言(yán )愿(yuàn )陛(bì )下(xià )寿(shòu )比(bǐ )南(nán )山(shān )，或(huò )称(chēng )万(wàn )岁(suì )，此(cǐ )殆(dài )近(jìn )貌(mào )言(yán )。’”清(qīng )龚(gōng )自(zì )珍(zhēn )《乙(yǐ )丙(bǐng )之(zhī )际(jì )塾(shú )议(yì )第(dì )十(shí )七(qī )》：“规(guī )天(tiān )矩(jǔ )地(dì )，匡(kuāng )貌(mào )言(yán )，防(fáng )狂(kuáng )僭(jiàn )，通(tōng )蒙(méng )蔽(bì )，顺(shùn )阴(yīn )阳(yáng )，布(bù )时(shí )令(lìng )，陈(chén )肃(sù )圣(shèng )哲(zhé )谋(móu )，教(jiāo )人(rén )主(zhǔ )法(fǎ )天(tiān )，公(gōng )卿(qīng )、师(shī )保(bǎo )、大(dà )臣(chén )之(zhī )世(shì )言(yán )也(yě )。”

2.犹(yóu )言(yán )表(biǎo )面(miàn )上(shàng )说(shuō )。

北(běi )魏(wèi )郦(lì )道(dào )元(yuán )《水(shuǐ )经(jīng )注(zhù )·江(jiāng )水(shuǐ )二(èr )》：“﹝范(fàn )侪(chái )﹞自(zì )言(yán )巴(bā )东(dōng )人(rén )，少(shǎo )游(yóu )荆(jīng )土(tǔ )……言(yán )来(lái )事(shì )多(duō )验(yàn )，而(ér )辞(cí )不(bú )可(kě )详(xiáng )。人(rén )心(xīn )欲(yù )见(jiàn )，欻(xū )然(rán )而(ér )对(duì )；貌(mào )言(yán )寻(xún )求(qiú )，终(zhōng )弗(fú )遇(yù )也(yě )。”

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