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(北(běi )极(jí )，北(běi )极(jí ))

1.北(běi )方(fāng )边(biān )远(yuǎn )之(zhī )处(chù )。

《庄(zhuāng )子(zǐ )·大(dà )宗(zōng )师(shī )》：“颛(zhuān )顼(xū )得(dé )之(zhī )，以(yǐ )处(chù )玄(xuán )宫(gōng )；禺(yú )强(qiáng )得(dé )之(zhī )，立(lì )乎(hū )北(běi )极(jí )。”

《楚(chǔ )辞(cí )·大(dà )招(zhāo )》：“天(tiān )白(bái )颢(hào )颢(hào )，寒(hán )凝(níng )凝(níng )只(zhī )。魂(hún )乎(hū )无(wú )往(wǎng )，盈(yíng )北(běi )极(jí )只(zhī )。”

清(qīng )顾(gù )炎(yán )武(wǔ )《北(běi )岳(yuè )庙(miào )》诗(shī )：“恒(héng )山(shān )跨(kuà )北(běi )极(jí )，自(zì )古(gǔ )无(wú )封(fēng )禅(chán )。”

2.指(zhǐ )最(zuì )北(běi )端(duān )。

《淮(huái )南(nán )子(zǐ )·墬(dì )形(xíng )训(xùn )》：“﹝禹(yǔ )﹞使(shǐ )竖(shù )亥(hài )步(bù )自(zì )北(běi )极(jí )至(zhì )于(yú )南(nán )极(jí )，二(èr )亿(yì )三(sān )万(wàn )三(sān )千(qiān )五(wǔ )百(bǎi )里(lǐ )七(qī )十(shí )五(wǔ )步(bù )。”

3.指(zhǐ )北(běi )极(jí )星(xīng )。

南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )沉(chén )约(yuē )《为(wéi )南(nán )郡(jùn )王(wáng )捨(shě )身(shēn )疏(shū )》：“望(wàng )北(běi )极(jí )而(ér )有(yǒu )恒(héng )，瞻(zhān )南(nán )山(shān )而(ér )同(tóng )永(yǒng )。”

《宋(sòng )史(shǐ )·天(tiān )文(wén )志(zhì )一(yī )》：“臣(chén )观(guān )古(gǔ )之(zhī )候(hòu )天(tiān )者(zhě )，自(zì )云(yún )南(nán )都(dōu )护(hù )府(fǔ )至(zhì )浚(xùn )仪(yí )大(dà )岳(yuè )台(tái )纔(shān )六(liù )千(qiān )里(lǐ )，而(ér )北(běi )极(jí )之(zhī )差(chà )凡(fán )十(shí )五(wǔ )度(dù )，稍(shāo )北(běi )不(bú )已(yǐ )，庸(yōng )讵(jù )知(zhī )极(jí )星(xīng )之(zhī )不(bú )直(zhí )人(rén )上(shàng )也(yě )？”

4.指(zhǐ )北(běi )极(jí )星(xīng )座(zuò )。

《晋(jìn )书(shū )·天(tiān )文(wén )志(zhì )上(shàng )》：“北(běi )极(jí )五(wǔ )星(xīng )，钩(gōu )陈(chén )六(liù )星(xīng )，皆(jiē )在(zài )紫(zǐ )宫(gōng )中(zhōng )。”

《宋(sòng )史(shǐ )·天(tiān )文(wén )志(zhì )二(èr )》：“北(běi )极(jí )五(wǔ )星(xīng )在(zài )紫(zǐ )微(wēi )宫(gōng )中(zhōng )，北(běi )辰(chén )最(zuì )尊(zūn )者(zhě )也(yě )，其(qí )纽(niǔ )星(xīng )为(wéi )天(tiān )枢(shū )。”

5.《晋(jìn )书(shū )·天(tiān )文(wén )志(zhì )上(shàng )》：“北(běi )极(jí )，北(běi )辰(chén )最(zuì )尊(zūn )者(zhě )也(yě )……天(tiān )运(yùn )无(wú )穷(qióng )，三(sān )光(guāng )迭(dié )耀(yào )，而(ér )极(jí )星(xīng )不(bú )移(yí )，故(gù )曰(yuē )‘居(jū )其(qí )所(suǒ )而(ér )众(zhòng )星(xīng )共(gòng )之(zhī )’。”后(hòu )因(yīn )以(yǐ )喻(yù )帝(dì )王(wáng )。

唐(táng )韩(hán )愈(yù )《奉(fèng )和(hé )库(kù )部(bù )卢(lú )四(sì )兄(xiōng )曹(cáo )长(zhǎng )元(yuán )日(rì )朝(cháo )回(huí )》：“戎(róng )服(fú )上(shàng )趋(qū )承(chéng )北(běi )极(jí )，儒(rú )冠(guàn )列(liè )侍(shì )映(yìng )东(dōng )曹(cáo )。”

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《上(shàng )皇(huáng )帝(dì )贺(hè )冬(dōng )表(biǎo )》：“臣(chén )久(jiǔ )缘(yuán )衰(shuāi )病(bìng )，待(dài )罪(zuì )江(jiāng )湖(hú )，莫(mò )瞻(zhān )北(běi )极(jí )之(zhī )光(guāng )，但(dàn )罄(qìng )南(nán )山(shān )之(zhī )祝(zhù )。”

明(míng )张(zhāng )居(jū )正(zhèng )《紫(zǐ )极(jí )殿(diàn )成(chéng )贺(hè )表(biǎo )》：“紫(zǐ )宫(gōng )肇(zhào )建(jiàn )，一(yī )人(rén )居(jū )北(běi )极(jí )之(zhī )尊(zūn )，元(yuán )贶(kuàng )申(shēn )绥(suí )，万(wàn )寿(shòu )协(xié )南(nán )山(shān )之(zhī )祝(zhù )。”

6.指(zhǐ )朝(cháo )庭(tíng )、朝(cháo )堂(táng )。

唐(táng )杜(dù )牧(mù )《酬(chóu )张(zhāng )祜(hù )处(chù )士(shì )见(jiàn )寄(jì )长(zhǎng )句(jù )四(sì )韵(yùn )》：“北(běi )极(jí )楼(lóu )台(tái )长(zhǎng )入(rù )梦(mèng )，西(xī )江(jiāng )波(bō )浪(làng )远(yuǎn )吞(tūn )空(kōng )。”

宋(sòng )梅(méi )尧(yáo )臣(chén )《赠(zèng )王(wáng )尚(shàng )书(shū )輓(wǎn )词(cí )》之(zhī )一(yī )：“周(zhōu )原(yuán )开(kāi )陇(lǒng )隧(suì )，卤(lǔ )部(bù )葬(zàng )名(míng )臣(chén )，北(běi )极(jí )履(lǚ )声(shēng )绝(jué )，东(dōng )朝(cháo )车(chē )迹(jì )湮(yān )。”

明(míng )屠(tú )隆(lóng )《綵(cǎi )毫(háo )记(jì )·别(bié )妻(qī )赴(fù )京(jīng )》：“笑(xiào )人(rén )其(qí )奈(nài )白(bái )云(yún )何(hé )，东(dōng )山(shān )秣(mò )马(mǎ )，北(běi )极(jí )鸣(míng )珂(kē )，南(nán )浦(pǔ )离(lí )歌(gē )。”

7.谓(wèi )北(běi )天(tiān )极(jí )，即(jí )地(dì )轴(zhóu )北(běi )端(duān )之(zhī )延(yán )长(zhǎng )线(xiàn )与(yǔ )天(tiān )球(qiú )相(xiàng )会(huì )之(zhī )点(diǎn )。

《宋(sòng )书(shū )·天(tiān )文(wén )志(zhì )一(yī )》：“天(tiān )地(dì )之(zhī )体(tǐ )，状(zhuàng )如(rú )鸟(niǎo )卵(luǎn )，天(tiān )包(bāo )地(dì )外(wài )，犹(yóu )壳(ké )之(zhī )裹(guǒ )黄(huáng )也(yě )……周(zhōu )天(tiān )三(sān )百(bǎi )六(liù )十(shí )五(wǔ )度(dù )五(wǔ )百(bǎi )八(bā )十(shí )九(jiǔ )分(fèn )度(dù )之(zhī )百(bǎi )四(sì )十(shí )五(wǔ )，半(bàn )露(lù )地(dì )上(shàng )，半(bàn )在(zài )地(dì )下(xià )。其(qí )二(èr )端(duān )谓(wèi )之(zhī )南(nán )极(jí )、北(běi )极(jí )。”

《云(yún )笈(jí )七(qī )籤(qiān )》卷(juàn )二(èr )四(sì )：“北(běi )辰(chén )者(zhě )，北(běi )极(jí )不(bú )动(dòng )之(zhī )星(xīng )也(yě )。”

清(qīng )顾(gù )炎(yán )武(wǔ )《书(shū )女(nǚ )娲(wā )庙(miào )》诗(shī )：“北(běi )极(jí )偏(piān )高(gāo )南(nán )极(jí )低(dī )，四(sì )时(shí )错(cuò )迕(wǔ )乖(guāi )寒(hán )暑(shǔ )。”

8.地(dì )轴(zhóu )之(zhī )北(běi )端(duān )，为(wéi )北(běi )半(bàn )球(qiú )之(zhī )顶(dǐng )点(diǎn )，亦(yì )即(jí )北(běi )纬(wěi )90°处(chù )。亦(yì )可(kě )指(zhǐ )北(běi )磁(cí )极(jí )，用(yòng )N来(lái )表(biǎo )示(shì )。

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●北极（简体版）