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(上(shàng )国(guó )，上(shàng )国(guó ))

1.指(zhǐ )国(guó )都(dōu )以(yǐ )西(xī )的(de )地(dì )区(qū )。

《左(zuǒ )传(chuán )·昭(zhāo )公(gōng )十(shí )四(sì )年(nián )》：“夏(xià )，楚(chǔ )子(zǐ )使(shǐ )然(rán )丹(dān )简(jiǎn )上(shàng )国(guó )之(zhī )兵(bīng )于(yú )宗(zōng )丘(qiū )。”

杜(dù )预(yù )注(zhù )：“上(shàng )国(guó )，在(zài )国(guó )都(dōu )之(zhī )西(xī )。西(xī )方(fāng )居(jū )上(shàng )流(liú )，故(gù )谓(wèi )之(zhī )上(shàng )国(guó )。”

2.春(chūn )秋(qiū )时(shí )称(chēng )中(zhōng )原(yuán )各(gè )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )国(guó )为(wéi )上(shàng )国(guó )，与(yǔ )吴(wú )楚(chǔ )诸(zhū )国(guó )相(xiàng )对(duì )而(ér )言(yán )。

《左(zuǒ )传(chuán )·昭(zhāo )公(gōng )二(èr )十(shí )七(qī )年(nián )》：“﹝吴(wú )子(zǐ )﹞使(shǐ )延(yán )州(zhōu )来(lái )季(jì )子(zǐ )聘(pìn )于(yú )上(shàng )国(guó )，遂(suí )聘(pìn )于(yú )晋(jìn )，以(yǐ )观(guān )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )。”

孔(kǒng )颖(yǐng )达(dá )疏(shū )引(yǐn )服(fú )虔(qián )曰(yuē )：“上(shàng )国(guó )，中(zhōng )国(guó )也(yě )。盖(gài )以(yǐ )吴(wú )辟(pì )在(zài )东(dōng )南(nán )，地(dì )势(shì )卑(bēi )下(xià )，中(zhōng )国(guó )在(zài )其(qí )上(shàng )流(liú )，故(gù )谓(wèi )中(zhōng )国(guó )为(wéi )上(shàng )国(guó )也(yě )。”

《国(guó )语(yǔ )·吴(wú )语(yǔ )》：“越(yuè )灭(miè )吴(wú )，上(shàng )征(zhēng )上(shàng )国(guó )。”

韦(wéi )昭(zhāo )注(zhù )：“上(shàng )国(guó )，中(zhōng )国(guó )也(yě )。”

三(sān )国(guó )魏(wèi )陈(chén )琳(lín )《檄(xí )吴(wú )将(jiāng )校(xiào )部(bù )曲(qǔ )文(wén )》：“﹝夫(fū )差(chà )﹞抗(kàng )衡(héng )上(shàng )国(guó )，与(yǔ )晋(jìn )争(zhēng )长(zhǎng )。”

清(qīng )刘(liú )大(dà )櫆(kuí )《送(sòng )张(zhāng )福(fú )清(qīng )序(xù )》：“昔(xī )在(zài )自(zì )古(gǔ )，闽(mǐn )粤(yuè )不(bú )齿(chǐ )于(yú )上(shàng )国(guó )。”

3.外(wài )藩(fān )对(duì )帝(dì )室(shì )或(huò )朝(cháo )廷(tíng )的(de )称(chēng )呼(hū )。

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·陈(chén )蕃(fān )传(chuán )》：“夫(fū )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )上(shàng )象(xiàng )四(sì )七(qī )，垂(chuí )耀(yào )在(zài )天(tiān )，下(xià )应(yīng )分(fèn )土(tǔ )，藩(fān )屏(píng )上(shàng )国(guó )。”

李(lǐ )贤(xián )注(zhù )：“上(shàng )象(xiàng )四(sì )七(qī )，谓(wèi )二(èr )十(shí )八(bā )宿(xiǔ )各(gè )主(zhǔ )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )之(zhī )分(fèn )野(yě )，故(gù )曰(yuē )下(xià )应(yīng )分(fèn )土(tǔ )，言(yán )皆(jiē )以(yǐ )辅(fǔ )王(wáng )室(shì )也(yě )。”

三(sān )国(guó )魏(wèi )曹(cáo )植(zhí )《与(yǔ )杨(yáng )德(dé )祖(zǔ )书(shū )》：“吾(wú )虽(suī )德(dé )薄(báo )，位(wèi )为(wéi )蕃(fān )侯(hóu )，犹(yóu )庶(shù )几(jǐ )戮(lù )力(lì )上(shàng )国(guó )，流(liú )惠(huì )下(xià )民(mín )。”

唐(táng )白(bái )居(jū )易(yì )《祭(jì )迴(huí )鹘(gǔ )可(kě )汗(hàn )文(wén )》：“抚(fǔ )有(yǒu )九(jiǔ )姓(xìng )，制(zhì )临(lín )一(yī )方(fāng )，气(qì )吞(tūn )诸(zhū )戎(róng )，名(míng )播(bō )上(shàng )国(guó )。”

清(qīng )魏(wèi )源(yuán )《圣(shèng )武(wǔ )记(jì )》卷(juàn )五(wǔ )：“惟(wéi )布(bù )达(dá )拉(lā )一(yī )区(qū )，其(qí )土(tǔ )膏(gāo )衍(yǎn )，其(qí )人(rén )秀(xiù )好(hǎo )，其(qí )音(yīn )华(huá )夏(xià )，故(gù )吐(tǔ )番(fān )赞(zàn )普(pǔ )都(dōu )之(zhī )，以(yǐ )鞭(biān )挞(tà )四(sì )夷(yí )，抗(kàng )衡(héng )上(shàng )国(guó )。”

4.指(zhǐ )京(jīng )师(shī )。

南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )江(jiāng )淹(yān )《四(sì )时(shí )赋(fù )》：“忆(yì )上(shàng )国(guó )之(zhī )绮(qǐ )树(shù )，想(xiǎng )金(jīn )陵(líng )之(zhī )蕙(huì )枝(zhī )。”

《资(zī )治(zhì )通(tōng )鉴(jiàn )·唐(táng )德(dé )宗(zōng )建(jiàn )中(zhōng )二(èr )年(nián )》：“今(jīn )海(hǎi )内(nèi )无(wú )事(shì )，自(zì )上(shàng )国(guó )来(lái )者(zhě )，皆(jiē )言(yán )天(tiān )子(zǐ )聪(cōng )明(míng )英(yīng )武(wǔ )，志(zhì )欲(yù )致(zhì )太(tài )平(píng )，深(shēn )不(bú )欲(yù )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )子(zǐ )孙(sūn )专(zhuān )地(dì )。”

胡(hú )三(sān )省(shěng )注(zhù )：“时(shí )藩(fān )镇(zhèn )窃(qiè )据(jù )，自(zì )比(bǐ )古(gǔ )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )，谓(wèi )京(jīng )师(shī )为(wéi )上(shàng )国(guó )。”

《红(hóng )楼(lóu )梦(mèng )》第(dì )四(sì )回(huí )：“薛(xuē )蟠(pán )素(sù )闻(wén )得(dé )都(dōu )中(zhōng )乃(nǎi )第(dì )一(yī )繁(fán )华(huá )之(zhī )地(dì )，正(zhèng )思(sī )一(yī )游(yóu )，便(biàn )趁(chèn )此(cǐ )机(jī )会(huì )，一(yī )来(lái )送(sòng )妹(mèi )待(dài )选(xuǎn )，二(èr )来(lái )望(wàng )亲(qīn )，三(sān )来(lái )亲(qīn )自(zì )入(rù )部(bù )销(xiāo )算(suàn )旧(jiù )账(zhàng )，再(zài )计(jì )新(xīn )支(zhī )，－－其(qí )实(shí )只(zhī )为(wéi )游(yóu )览(lǎn )上(shàng )国(guó )风(fēng )光(guāng )之(zhī )意(yì )。”

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