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中(zhōng )国(guó )少(shǎo )数(shù )民(mín )族(zú )之(zhī )一(yī )。自(zì )称(chēng )“毕(bì )兹(zī )卡(kǎ )”，意(yì )即(jí )本(běn )地(dì )人(rén )。与(yǔ )古(gǔ )代(dài )“武(wǔ )陵(líng )蛮(mán )”、“五(wǔ )溪(xī )蛮(mán )”有(yǒu )渊(yuān )源(yuán )关(guān )係(xì )。人(rén )口(kǒu )二(èr )百(bǎi )八(bā )十(shí )馀(yú )万(wàn )。分(fèn )布(bù )在(zài )湖(hú )南(nán )西(xī )北(běi )部(bù )和(hé )湖(hú )北(běi )恩(ēn )施(shī )地(dì )区(qū )等(děng )地(dì )，与(yǔ )汉(hàn )、苗(miáo )等(děng )族(zú )杂(zá )居(jū )。语(yǔ )言(yán )属(shǔ )汉(hàn )藏(cáng )语(yǔ )系(xì )藏(cáng )缅(miǎn )语(yǔ )族(zú )，多(duō )通(tōng )用(yòng )汉(hàn )语(yǔ )文(wén )。

沉(chén )从(cóng )文(wén )《＜散(sàn )文(wén )选(xuǎn )＞题(tí )记(jì )》：“从(cóng )全(quán )国(guó )解(jiě )放(fàng )开(kāi )始(shǐ )，湘(xiāng )西(xī )逐(zhú )渐(jiàn )在(zài )前(qián )进(jìn )在(zài )改(gǎi )变(biàn )。

湘(xiāng )西(xī )土(tǔ )家(jiā )族(zú )和(hé )苗(miáo )族(zú )已(yǐ )成(chéng )立(lì )了(le )联(lián )合(hé )自(zì )治(zhì )州(zhōu )。”

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●土家族（简体版）