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【成(chéng )语(yǔ )】：纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谈(tán )兵(bīng )

【拼(pīn )音(yīn )】：zhǐ shàng tán bīng

【解(jiě )释(shì )】：在(zài )纸(zhǐ )面(miàn )上(shàng )谈(tán )论(lùn )打(dǎ )仗(zhàng )。比(bǐ )喻(yù )空(kōng )谈(tán )理(lǐ )论(lùn )，不(bú )能(néng )解(jiě )决(jué )实(shí )际(jì )问(wèn )题(tí )。也(yě )比(bǐ )喻(yù )空(kōng )谈(tán )不(bú )能(néng )成(chéng )为(wéi )现(xiàn )实(shí )。

【出(chū )处(chù )】：《史(shǐ )记(jì )·廉(lián )颇(pō )蔺(lìn )相(xiàng )如(rú )列(liè )传(chuán )》记(jì )载(zǎi )：战(zhàn )国(guó )时(shí )赵(zhào )国(guó )名(míng )将(jiāng )赵(zhào )奢(shē )之(zhī )子(zǐ )赵(zhào )括(kuò )，年(nián )轻(qīng )时(shí )学(xué )兵(bīng )法(fǎ )，谈(tán )起(qǐ )兵(bīng )事(shì )来(lái )父(fù )亲(qīn )也(yě )难(nán )不(bú )倒(dǎo )他(tā )。后(hòu )来(lái )他(tā )接(jiē )替(tì )廉(lián )颇(pō )为(wéi )赵(zhào )将(jiāng )，在(zài )长(zhǎng )平(píng )之(zhī )战(zhàn )中(zhōng )。只(zhī )知(zhī )道(dào )根(gēn )据(jù )兵(bīng )书(shū )办(bàn )，不(bú )知(zhī )道(dào )变(biàn )通(tōng )，结(jié )果(guǒ )被(bèi )秦(qín )军(jūn )大(dà )败(bài )。

【示(shì )例(lì )】：新(xīn )近(jìn )有(yǒu )个(gè )大(dà )挑(tiāo )知(zhī )县(xiàn )上(shàng )了(le )一(yī )个(gè )条(tiáo )陈(chén )，其(qí )中(zhōng )有(yǒu )些(xiē )话(huà )都(dōu )是(shì )窒(zhì )碍(ài )难(nán )行(háng )，毕(bì )竟(jìng )书(shū )生(shēng )之(zhī )见(jiàn )，全(quán )是(shì )～。 ★清(qīng )·李(lǐ )宝(bǎo )嘉(jiā )《官(guān )场(chǎng )现(xiàn )形(xíng )记(jì )》第(dì )三(sān )十(shí )一(yī )回(huí )

【近(jìn )义(yì )词(cí )】：坐(zuò )而(ér )论(lùn )道(dào )、华(huá )而(ér )不(bú )实(shí )、画(huà )饼(bǐng )充(chōng )饥(jī )

【反(fǎn )义(yì )词(cí )】：埋(mái )头(tóu )苦(kǔ )干(gàn )、脚(jiǎo )踏(tà )实(shí )地(dì )

【歇(xiē )后(hòu )语(yǔ )】：军(jūn )事(shì )论(lùn )文(wén )；讲(jiǎng )武(wǔ )堂(táng )里(lǐ )学(xué )打(dǎ )仗(zhàng )

【语(yǔ )法(fǎ )】：作(zuò )谓(wèi )语(yǔ )、宾(bīn )语(yǔ )、定(dìng )语(yǔ )；指(zhǐ )空(kōng )谈(tán )

【英(yīng )文(wén )】：an armchair strategist

【日(rì )文(wén )】：机(jī )上(shàng )(きじょう)の空(kōng )論(lùn )(くうろん)，ペーパー·プラン

【法(fǎ )文(wén )】：discussions en l'air

【德(dé )文(wén )】：Kriegführung auf dem Papier

【成(chéng )语(yǔ )故(gù )事(shì )】：战(zhàn )国(guó )时(shí )期(qī )，战(zhàn )国(guó )名(míng )将(jiāng )赵(zhào )奢(shē )的(de )儿(ér )子(zǐ )赵(zhào )括(kuò )饱(bǎo )读(dú )兵(bīng )书(shū )，能(néng )健(jiàn )谈(tán )用(yòng )兵(bīng )之(zhī )道(dào )，连(lián )父(fù )亲(qīn )也(yě )难(nán )不(bú )倒(dǎo )他(tā )，自(zì )认(rèn )为(wéi )是(shì )天(tiān )下(xià )无(wú )敌(dí )。赵(zhào )奢(shē )认(rèn )为(wéi )他(tā )是(shì )纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谈(tán )兵(bīng )不(bú )知(zhī )变(biàn )通(tōng )。后(hòu )来(lái )赵(zhào )奢(shē )死(sǐ )了(le )，赵(zhào )括(kuò )顶(dǐng )替(tì )廉(lián )颇(pō )带(dài )兵(bīng )，蔺(lìn )相(xiàng )如(rú )等(děng )人(rén )极(jí )力(lì )反(fǎn )对(duì )，赵(zhào )王(wáng )坚(jiān )持(chí )，赵(zhào )括(kuò )在(zài )长(zhǎng )平(píng )之(zhī )战(zhàn )损(sǔn )兵(bīng )40万(wàn )

(纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谈(tán )兵(bīng )，纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谈(tán )兵(bīng ))

据(jù )《史(shǐ )记(jì )·廉(lián )颇(pō )蔺(lìn )相(xiàng )如(rú )列(liè )传(chuán )》载(zǎi )：战(zhàn )国(guó )时(shí )赵(zhào )国(guó )名(míng )将(jiāng )赵(zhào )奢(shē )之(zhī )子(zǐ )赵(zhào )括(kuò )，少(shǎo )时(shí )学(xué )兵(bīng )法(fǎ )，善(shàn )于(yú )谈(tán )兵(bīng )，以(yǐ )为(wéi )天(tiān )下(xià )无(wú )敌(dí )。尝(cháng )与(yǔ )其(qí )父(fù )言(yán )兵(bīng )事(shì )，父(fù )虽(suī )不(bú )能(néng )难(nán )倒(dǎo )他(tā )，但(dàn )不(bú )以(yǐ )为(wéi )然(rán )。后(hòu )赵(zhào )括(kuò )代(dài )廉(lián )颇(pō )为(wéi )将(jiāng )，在(zài )长(zhǎng )平(píng )之(zhī )战(zhàn )中(zhōng )为(wéi )秦(qín )将(jiāng )白(bái )起(qǐ )所(suǒ )败(bài )，赵(zhào )卒(zú )被(bèi )坑(kēng )者(zhě )数(shù )十(shí )万(wàn )人(rén )。

赵(zhào )国(guó )名(míng )臣(chén )蔺(lìn )相(xiàng )如(rú )曾(céng )说(shuō )“括(kuò )徒(tú )能(néng )读(dú )其(qí )父(fù )书(shū )传(chuán )，不(bú )知(zhī )合(hé )变(biàn )也(yě )。”后(hòu )因(yīn )谓(wèi )空(kōng )谈(tán )理(lǐ )论(lùn )不(bú )切(qiē )实(shí )际(jì )为(wéi )“纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谈(tán )兵(bīng )”。亦(yì )作(zuò )“纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谭(tán )兵(bīng )”。

清(qīng )魏(wèi )源(yuán )《圣(shèng )武(wǔ )记(jì )》卷(juàn )十(shí )三(sān )：“今(jīn )日(rì )动(dòng )笑(xiào )纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谭(tán )兵(bīng )，不(bú )知(zhī )纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )之(zhī )功(gōng )，即(jí )有(yǒu )深(shēn )浅(qiǎn )，有(yǒu )一(yī )二(èr )分(fèn )之(zhī )见(jiàn )，有(yǒu )六(liù )七(qī )分(fèn )之(zhī )见(jiàn )，有(yǒu )十(shí )分(fèn )之(zhī )见(jiàn )。”

老(lǎo )舍(shě )《四(sì )世(shì )同(tóng )堂(táng )》三(sān )四(sì )：“书(shū )生(shēng )只(zhī )喜(xǐ )欢(huān )纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谈(tán )兵(bīng )，只(zhī )说(shuō )而(ér )不(bú )去(qù )实(shí )行(háng )。”

曹(cáo )禺(yú )《北(běi )京(jīng )人(rén )》第(dì )一(yī )幕(mù )：“通(tōng )常(cháng )他(tā )是(shì )无(wú )时(shí )无(wú )刻(kè )不(bú )在(zài )谈(tán )着(zhe )发(fā )财(cái )的(de )门(mén )径(jìng )的(de )。但(dàn )多(duō )半(bàn )是(shì )纸(zhǐ )上(shàng )谈(tán )兵(bīng )的(de )澹(dàn )话(huà )，只(zhī )图(tú )口(kǒu )头(tóu )上(shàng )快(kuài )意(yì )，决(jué )不(bú )想(xiǎng )到(dào )实(shí )行(háng )。”

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●纸上谈兵（简体版）