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职(zhí )事(shì )官(guān )员(yuán )任(rèn )满(mǎn )后(hòu )，按(àn )规(guī )定(dìng )冬(dōng )季(jì )集(jí )于(yú )京(jīng )师(shī )参(cān )加(jiā )铨(quán )选(xuǎn )，谓(wèi )之(zhī )冬(dōng )集(jí )。始(shǐ )于(yú )唐(táng )代(dài )。

《新(xīn )唐(táng )书(shū )·选(xuǎn )举(jǔ )志(zhì )下(xià )》：“六(liù )品(pǐn )以(yǐ )下(xià )始(shǐ )集(jí )而(ér )试(shì )，观(guān )其(qí )书(shū )、判(pàn )。已(yǐ )试(shì )而(ér )铨(quán )，察(chá )其(qí )身(shēn )、言(yán )；已(yǐ )铨(quán )而(ér )注(zhù )，询(xún )其(qí )便(biàn )利(lì )而(ér )拟(nǐ )；已(yǐ )注(zhù )而(ér )唱(chàng )，不(bú )厌(yàn )者(zhě )得(dé )反(fǎn )通(tōng )其(qí )辞(cí )，三(sān )唱(chàng )而(ér )不(bú )厌(yàn )，听(tīng )冬(dōng )集(jí )。”

唐(táng )封(fēng )演(yǎn )《封(fēng )氏(shì )闻(wén )见(jiàn )记(jì )·铨(quán )曹(cáo )》：“高(gāo )宗(zōng )龙(lóng )朔(shuò )之(zhī )后(hòu )，以(yǐ )不(bú )堪(kān )任(rèn )职(zhí )者(zhě )众(zhòng )，遂(suí )出(chū )长(zhǎng )牓(bǎng )放(fàng )之(zhī )冬(dōng )集(jí )，俗(sú )谓(wèi )之(zhī )‘长(zhǎng )名(míng )’。”

唐(táng )段(duàn )成(chéng )式(shì )《剑(jiàn )侠(xiá )传(chuán )·贾(jiǎ )人(rén )妻(qī )》：“公(gōng )授(shòu )官(guān )之(zhī )期(qī )尚(shàng )未(wèi )，出(chū )游(yóu )之(zhī )资(zī )且(qiě )无(wú )，脱(tuō )不(bú )见(jiàn )鄙(bǐ )，但(dàn )同(tóng )处(chù )以(yǐ )须(xū )冬(dōng )集(jí )可(kě )矣(yǐ )。”

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●冬集（简体版）