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1.指(zhǐ )诗(shī )、赋(fù )、赞(zàn )、颂(sòng )、箴(zhēn )、诔(lěi )诸(zhū )体(tǐ )以(yǐ )外(wài )的(de )其(qí )他(tā )文(wén )体(tǐ )。

《晋(jìn )书(shū )·干(gàn )宝(bǎo )传(chuán )》：“宝(bǎo )又(yòu )为(wéi )《春(chūn )秋(qiū )左(zuǒ )氏(shì )义(yì )外(wài )传(chuán )》，注(zhù )《周(zhōu )易(yì )》、《周(zhōu )官(guān )》凡(fán )数(shù )十(shí )篇(piān )，及(jí )杂(zá )文(wén )集(jí )皆(jiē )行(háng )于(yú )世(shì )。”

南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )刘(liú )勰(xié )《文(wén )心(xīn )凋(diāo )龙(lóng )·杂(zá )文(wén )》：“详(xiáng )夫(fū )汉(hàn )来(lái )杂(zá )文(wén )，名(míng )号(hào )多(duō )品(pǐn )：或(huò )典(diǎn )诰(gào )誓(shì )问(wèn )，或(huò )览(lǎn )略(luè )篇(piān )章(zhāng )，或(huò )曲(qǔ )操(cāo )弄(nòng )引(yǐn )，或(huò )吟(yín )讽(fěng )谣(yáo )咏(yǒng )，总(zǒng )括(kuò )其(qí )名(míng )，并(bìng )归(guī )杂(zá )文(wén )之(zhī )区(qū )。”

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《与(yǔ )谢(xiè )民(mín )师(shī )推(tuī )官(guān )书(shū )》：“所(suǒ )示(shì )书(shū )教(jiāo )及(jí )诗(shī )赋(fù )杂(zá )文(wén )，观(guān )之(zhī )熟(shú )矣(yǐ )。”

清(qīng )章(zhāng )学(xué )诚(chéng )《文(wén )史(shǐ )通(tōng )义(yì )·和(hé )州(zhōu )文(wén )征(zhēng )序(xù )例(lì )》：“奈(nài )何(hé )志(zhì )家(jiā )编(biān )次(cì )艺(yì )文(wén )，不(bú )明(míng )诸(zhū )史(shǐ )体(tǐ )裁(cái )，乃(nǎi )以(yǐ )诗(shī )辞(cí )、歌(gē )赋(fù )、记(jì )传(chuán )、杂(zá )文(wén )，全(quán )倣(fǎng )选(xuǎn )文(wén )之(zhī )例(lì )，列(liè )于(yú )志(zhì )书(shū )之(zhī )中(zhōng )，可(kě )谓(wèi )不(bú )知(zhī )伦(lún )类(lèi )者(zhě )也(yě )。”

2.唐(táng )宋(sòng )时(shí )科(kē )举(jǔ )考(kǎo )试(shì )项(xiàng )目(mù )之(zhī )一(yī )。

《新(xīn )唐(táng )书(shū )·选(xuǎn )举(jǔ )志(zhì )上(shàng )》：“乃(nǎi )诏(zhào )自(zì )今(jīn )明(míng )经(jīng )试(shì )帖(tiē )粗(cū )十(shí )得(dé )六(liù )以(yǐ )上(shàng )，进(jìn )士(shì )试(shì )杂(zá )文(wén )二(èr )篇(piān )，通(tōng )文(wén )律(lǜ )者(zhě )然(rán )后(hòu )试(shì )策(cè )。”

宋(sòng )王(wáng )谠(dǎng )《唐(táng )语(yǔ )林(lín )·补(bǔ )遗(yí )四(sì )》：“又(yòu )旧(jiù )例(lì )：试(shì )杂(zá )文(wén )者(zhě )，一(yī )诗(shī )一(yī )赋(fù )，或(huò )兼(jiān )试(shì )颂(sòng )论(lùn )，而(ér )题(tí )目(mù )多(duō )为(wéi )隐(yǐn )僻(pì )。”

《续(xù )资(zī )治(zhì )通(tōng )鉴(jiàn )·宋(sòng )真(zhēn )宗(zōng )天(tiān )禧(xǐ )元(yuán )年(nián )》：“诏(zhào )：‘自(zì )今(jīn )特(tè )旨(zhǐ )召(zhào )试(shì )者(zhě )，并(bìng )问(wèn )时(shí )务(wù )策(cè )一(yī )道(dào )，仍(réng )别(bié )试(shì )赋(fù )论(lùn )或(huò )杂(zá )文(wén )一(yī )首(shǒu )。’”

3.文(wén )学(xué )体(tǐ )裁(cái )名(míng )。现(xiàn )代(dài )散(sàn )文(wén )中(zhōng )的(de )一(yī )类(lèi )，为(wéi )直(zhí )接(jiē )而(ér )迅(xùn )速(sù )地(dì )反(fǎn )映(yìng )社(shè )会(huì )事(shì )变(biàn )的(de )文(wén )艺(yì )性(xìng )论(lùn )文(wén )，以(yǐ )短(duǎn )小(xiǎo )、活(huó )泼(pō )、锋(fēng )利(lì )、隽(jùn )永(yǒng )、富(fù )有(yǒu )战(zhàn )斗(dòu )性(xìng )为(wéi )其(qí )特(tè )点(diǎn )。

鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )《集(jí )外(wài )集(jí )拾(shí )遗(yí )补(bǔ )编(biān )·做(zuò )“杂(zá )文(wén )”也(yě )不(bú )易(yì )》：“不(bú )错(cuò )，比(bǐ )起(qǐ )高(gāo )大(dà )的(de )天(tiān )文(wén )台(tái )来(lái )，‘杂(zá )文(wén )’有(yǒu )时(shí )确(què )很(hěn )像(xiàng )一(yī )种(zhǒng )小(xiǎo )小(xiǎo )的(de )显(xiǎn )微(wēi )镜(jìng )的(de )工(gōng )作(zuò )，也(yě )照(zhào )秽(huì )水(shuǐ )，也(yě )看(kàn )脓(nóng )汁(zhī )。”

毛(máo )泽(zé )东(dōng )《在(zài )中(zhōng )国(guó )共(gòng )产(chǎn )党(dǎng )全(quán )国(guó )宣(xuān )传(chuán )工(gōng )作(zuò )会(huì )议(yì )上(shàng )的(de )讲(jiǎng )话(huà )》：“鲁(lǔ )迅(xùn )后(hòu )期(qī )的(de )杂(zá )文(wén )最(zuì )深(shēn )刻(kè )有(yǒu )力(lì )，并(bìng )没(méi )有(yǒu )片(piàn )面(miàn )性(xìng )，就(jiù )是(shì )因(yīn )为(wéi )这(zhè )时(shí )候(hòu )他(tā )学(xué )会(huì )了(le )辩(biàn )证(zhèng )法(fǎ )。”

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