社方
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古(gǔ )谓(wèi )祭(jì )祀(sì )后(hòu )土(tǔ )神(shén )和(hé )四(sì )方(fāng )。语(yǔ )出(chū )《诗(shī )·小(xiǎo )雅(yǎ )·甫(fǔ )田(tián )》:“以(yǐ )我(wǒ )齐(qí )明(míng ),与(yǔ )我(wǒ )牺(xī )羊(yáng ),以(yǐ )社(shè )以(yǐ )方(fāng )。”
郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )笺(jiān ):“秋(qiū )祭(jì )社(shè )与(yǔ )四(sì )方(fāng ),为(wéi )五(wǔ )穀(yù )成(chéng )熟(shú )报(bào )其(qí )功(gōng )也(yě )。”
孔(kǒng )颖(yǐng )达(dá )疏(shū ):“社(shè ),祭(jì )土(tǔ )神(shén )……祭(jì )四(sì )方(fāng ),谓(wèi )祭(jì )五(wǔ )官(guān )之(zhī )神(shén )于(yú )四(sì )郊(jiāo )也(yě )。”
《墨(mò )子(zǐ )·明(míng )鬼(guǐ )下(xià )》:“周(zhōu )代(dài )祝(zhù )社(shè )方(fāng )。”
孙(sūn )诒(yí )让(ràng )间(jiān )诂(gǔ ):“方(fāng ),谓(wèi )秋(qiū )祭(jì )四(sì )方(fāng )地(dì )示(shì )后(hòu )土(tǔ )句(jù )芒(máng )等(děng )也(yě )。
《诗(shī )·小(xiǎo )雅(yǎ )·甫(fǔ )田(tián )》云(yún )‘以(yǐ )社(shè )以(yǐ )方(fāng )’,毛(máo )传(chuán )云(yún )‘方(fāng )迎(yíng )四(sì )方(fāng )气(qì )于(yú )郊(jiāo )也(yě )’……此(cǐ )‘周(zhōu )代(dài )祝(zhù )社(shè )方(fāng )’,疑(yí )当(dāng )为(wéi )‘用(yòng )代(dài )祀(sì )社(shè )方(fāng )’。”
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