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1.谓(wèi )区(qū )别(bié )各(gè )物(wù )的(de )特(tè )性(xìng )而(ér )加(jiā )以(yǐ )利(lì )用(yòng )，使(shǐ )物(wù )尽(jìn )其(qí )能(néng )。

《荀(xún )子(zǐ )·解(jiě )蔽(bì )》：“经(jīng )纬(wěi )天(tiān )地(dì )而(ér )材(cái )官(guān )万(wàn )物(wù )。”

杨(yáng )倞(liàng )注(zhù )：“材(cái )谓(wèi )当(dāng )其(qí )分(fèn )，官(guān )谓(wèi )不(bú )失(shī )其(qí )任(rèn )。”

2.秦(qín )汉(hàn )始(shǐ )置(zhì )的(de )一(yī )种(zhǒng )地(dì )方(fāng )预(yù )备(bèi )兵(bīng )兵(bīng )种(zhǒng )。

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·韩(hán )长(zhǎng )孺(rú )列(liè )传(chuán )》：“当(dāng )是(shì )时(shí )，汉(hàn )伏(fú )兵(bīng )车(chē )骑(qí )、材(cái )官(guān )三(sān )十(shí )馀(yú )万(wàn )，匿(nì )马(mǎ )邑(yì )旁(páng )谷(gǔ )中(zhōng )。”

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·刑(xíng )法(fǎ )志(zhì )》：“天(tiān )下(xià )既(jì )定(dìng )，踵(zhǒng )秦(qín )而(ér )置(zhì )材(cái )官(guān )于(yú )郡(jùn )国(guó )，京(jīng )师(shī )有(yǒu )南(nán )北(běi )军(jūn )之(zhī )屯(tún )。”

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·光(guāng )武(wǔ )帝(dì )纪(jì )下(xià )》：“三(sān )月(yuè )丁(dīng )酉(yǒu )，诏(zhào )曰(yuē )：‘今(jīn )国(guó )有(yǒu )众(zhòng )军(jūn )，并(bìng )多(duō )精(jīng )勇(yǒng )，宜(yí )且(qiě )罢(bà )轻(qīng )车(chē )、骑(qí )士(shì )、材(cái )官(guān )、楼(lóu )船(chuán )士(shì )及(jí )军(jūn )假(jiǎ )吏(lì )，令(lìng )还(hái )复(fù )民(mín )伍(wǔ )。’”李(lǐ )贤(xián )注(zhù )引(yǐn )《汉(hàn )官(guān )仪(yí )》：“高(gāo )祖(zǔ )命(mìng )天(tiān )下(xià )郡(jùn )国(guó )选(xuǎn )能(néng )引(yǐn )关(guān )蹶(juě )张(zhāng )，材(cái )力(lì )武(wǔ )勐(měng )者(zhě )，以(yǐ )为(wéi )轻(qīng )车(chē )、骑(qí )士(shì )、材(cái )官(guān )、楼(lóu )船(chuán )，常(cháng )以(yǐ )立(lì )秋(qiū )后(hòu )讲(jiǎng )肄(yì )课(kè )试(shì )，各(gè )有(yǒu )员(yuán )数(shù )。平(píng )地(dì )用(yòng )车(chē )骑(qí )，山(shān )阻(zǔ )用(yòng )材(cái )官(guān )，水(shuǐ )泉(quán )用(yòng )楼(lóu )船(chuán )。”

郭(guō )沫(mò )若(ruò )《中(zhōng )国(guó )史(shǐ )稿(gǎo )》第(dì )三(sān )编(biān )第(dì )三(sān )章(zhāng )第(dì )二(èr )节(jiē )：“西(xī )汉(hàn )初(chū )年(nián )，地(dì )方(fāng )有(yǒu )经(jīng )常(cháng )训(xùn )练(liàn )的(de )预(yù )备(bèi )兵(bīng )。山(shān )地(dì )或(huò )少(shǎo )马(mǎ )的(de )地(dì )方(fāng )多(duō )步(bù )兵(bīng )，叫(jiào )做(zuò )‘材(cái )官(guān )’；平(píng )地(dì )或(huò )多(duō )马(mǎ )的(de )地(dì )方(fāng )多(duō )骑(qí )兵(bīng )，叫(jiào )做(zuò )‘车(chē )骑(qí )’。”

3.武(wǔ )卒(zú )或(huò )供(gòng )差(chà )遣(qiǎn )的(de )低(dī )级(jí )武(wǔ )职(zhí )。

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·张(zhāng )丞(chéng )相(xiàng )列(liè )传(chuán )》：“申(shēn )屠(tú )丞(chéng )相(xiàng )嘉(jiā )者(zhě )，梁(liáng )人(rén )，以(yǐ )材(cái )官(guān )蹶(juě )张(zhāng )从(cóng )高(gāo )帝(dì )击(jī )项(xiàng )籍(jí )，迁(qiān )为(wéi )队(duì )率(lǜ )。”

《汉(hàn )书(shū )·晁(cháo )错(cuò )传(chuán )》：“材(cái )官(guān )驺(zōu )发(fā )，矢(shǐ )道(dào )同(tóng )的(de )，则(zé )匈(xiōng )奴(nú )之(zhī )革(gé )笥(sì )木(mù )荐(jiàn )弗(fú )能(néng )支(zhī )也(yě )。”

颜(yán )师(shī )古(gǔ )注(zhù )：“材(cái )官(guān )，有(yǒu )材(cái )力(lì )者(zhě )。”

唐(táng )杜(dù )甫(fǔ )《诸(zhū )将(jiāng )》诗(shī )之(zhī )一(yī )：“多(duō )少(shǎo )材(cái )官(guān )守(shǒu )泾(jīng )渭(wèi )，将(jiāng )军(jūn )且(qiě )莫(mò )破(pò )愁(chóu )颜(yán )。”

仇(chóu )兆(zhào )鳌(áo )注(zhù )引(yǐn )《唐(táng )志(zhì )》：“况(kuàng )材(cái )官(guān )不(bú )知(zhī )其(qí )多(duō )少(shǎo )，大(dà )抵(dǐ )皆(jiē )侍(shì )官(guān )辈(bèi )耳(ěr )。”

明(míng )高(gāo )启(qǐ )《送(sòng )林(lín )谟(mó )秀(xiù )才(cái )东(dōng )归(guī )谒(yè )松(sōng )江(jiāng )守(shǒu )》诗(shī )：“欲(yù )充(chōng )材(cái )官(guān )挽(wǎn )强(qiáng )弩(nǔ )，关(guān )塞(sāi )莫(mò )解(jiě )穷(qióng )城(chéng )围(wéi )。”

清(qīng )钱(qián )谦(qiān )益(yì )《毕(bì )封(fēng )君(jūn )八(bā )十(shí )寿(shòu )序(xù )》：“辽(liáo )之(zhī )父(fù )老(lǎo )子(zǐ )弟(dì )与(yǔ )四(sì )方(fāng )材(cái )官(guān )健(jiàn )儿(ér )，骸(hái )骨(gǔ )撑(chēng )柱(zhù )，肝(gān )脑(nǎo )涂(tú )裂(liè )。”

古(gǔ )直(zhí )《惜(xī )哉(zāi )行(háng )》：“将(jiāng )军(jūn )扬(yáng )扬(yáng )来(lái )通(tōng )衢(qú )，材(cái )官(guān )百(bǎi )人(rén )马(mǎ )前(qián )趋(qū )。”

4.主(zhǔ )管(guǎn )工(gōng )匠(jiàng )、土(tǔ )木(mù )之(zhī )事(shì )的(de )官(guān )署(shǔ )。

《南(nán )齐(qí )书(shū )·王(wáng )敬(jìng )则(zé )传(chuán )》：“高(gāo )帝(dì )将(jiāng )受(shòu )禅(chán )，材(cái )官(guān )荐(jiàn )易(yì )太(tài )极(jí )殿(diàn )柱(zhù )。”

《南(nán )史(shǐ )·恩(ēn )倖(xìng )传(chuán )·茹(rú )法(fǎ )亮(liàng )》：“帝(dì )给(gěi )珍(zhēn )之(zhī )宅(zhái )，宅(zhái )边(biān )又(yòu )有(yǒu )空(kōng )宅(zhái )，从(cóng )即(jí )併(bìng )取(qǔ )，辄(zhé )令(lìng )材(cái )官(guān )营(yíng )作(zuò )，不(bú )关(guān )诏(zhào )旨(zhǐ )。”

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●材官（简体版）