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(工(gōng )师(shī )，工(gōng )师(shī ))

1.古(gǔ )官(guān )名(míng )。上(shàng )受(shòu )司(sī )空(kōng )领(lǐng )导(dǎo )，下(xià )为(wéi )百(bǎi )工(gōng )之(zhī )长(zhǎng )。专(zhuān )掌(zhǎng )营(yíng )建(jiàn )工(gōng )程(chéng )和(hé )管(guǎn )教(jiāo )百(bǎi )工(gōng )等(děng )事(shì )。

《礼(lǐ )记(jì )·月(yuè )令(lìng )》：“﹝孟(mèng )冬(dōng )之(zhī )月(yuè )﹞是(shì )月(yuè )也(yě )，命(mìng )工(gōng )师(shī )效(xiào )功(gōng )，陈(chén )祭(jì )器(qì )，按(àn )度(dù )程(chéng )，毋(wú )或(huò )作(zuò )为(wéi )淫(yín )巧(qiǎo )，以(yǐ )荡(dàng )上(shàng )心(xīn )，必(bì )功(gōng )致(zhì )为(wéi )上(shàng )。”

郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )注(zhù )：“工(gōng )师(shī )，工(gōng )官(guān )之(zhī )长(zhǎng )也(yě )。”

《荀(xún )子(zǐ )·王(wáng )制(zhì )》：“论(lùn )百(bǎi )工(gōng )，审(shěn )时(shí )事(shì )，辨(biàn )功(gōng )苦(kǔ )，尚(shàng )完(wán )利(lì )，便(biàn )备(bèi )用(yòng )，使(shǐ )凋(diāo )琢(zhuó )不(bú )敢(gǎn )专(zhuān )造(zào )于(yú )家(jiā )，工(gōng )师(shī )之(zhī )事(shì )也(yě )。”

《史(shǐ )记(jì )·五(wǔ )帝(dì )本(běn )纪(jì )》：“讙(huān )兜(dōu )进(jìn )言(yán )共(gòng )工(gōng )，尧(yáo )曰(yuē )不(bú )可(kě )而(ér )试(shì )之(zhī )工(gōng )师(shī )，共(gòng )工(gōng )果(guǒ )淫(yín )辟(pì )。”

张(zhāng )守(shǒu )节(jiē )正(zhèng )义(yì )：“工(gōng )师(shī )，若(ruò )今(jīn )大(dà )匠(jiàng )卿(qīng )也(yě )。”

2.工(gōng )匠(jiàng )。

汉(hàn )王(wáng )充(chōng )《论(lùn )衡(héng )·量(liàng )知(zhī )》：“铜(tóng )锡(xī )未(wèi )采(cǎi )，在(zài )众(zhòng )石(shí )之(zhī )间(jiān )，工(gōng )师(shī )凿(záo )掘(jué )，炉(lú )橐(tuó )铸(zhù )铄(shuò )乃(nǎi )成(chéng )器(qì )。”

清(qīng )赵(zhào )翼(yì )《和(hé )钱(qián )竹(zhú )汀(tīng )初(chū )移(yí )新(xīn )居(jū )》：“知(zhī )君(jūn )自(zì )有(yǒu )胸(xiōng )中(zhōng )蒿(hāo )，付(fù )与(yǔ )工(gōng )师(shī )筑(zhù )考(kǎo )槃(pán )。”

3.工(gōng )程(chéng )师(shī )。

《二(èr )十(shí )年(nián )目(mù )睹(dǔ )之(zhī )怪(guài )现(xiàn )状(zhuàng )》第(dì )三(sān )十(shí )回(huí )：“你(nǐ )们(men )知(zhī )道(dào )那(nà )保(bǎo )民(mín )船(chuán )，才(cái )笑(xiào )话(huà )呢(ne )！未(wèi )开(kāi )工(gōng )之(zhī )前(qián )，单(dān )为(wéi )了(le )这(zhè )条(tiáo )船(chuán )，专(zhuān )请(qǐng )了(le )一(yī )个(gè )外(wài )国(guó )人(rén )做(zuò )工(gōng )师(shī )，打(dǎ )出(chū )了(le )船(chuán )样(yàng )，总(zǒng )办(bàn )看(kàn )了(le )，叫(jiào )照(zhào )样(yàng )做(zuò )。”

4.乐(lè )师(shī )。

唐(táng )元(yuán )稹(zhěn )《和(hé )李(lǐ )校(xiào )书(shū )新(xīn )题(tí )乐(lè )府(fǔ )》之(zhī )二(èr )：“工(gōng )师(shī )小(xiǎo )贱(jiàn )牙(yá )旷(kuàng )稀(xī )，不(bú )辨(biàn )邪(xié )声(shēng )嫌(xián )雅(yǎ )正(zhèng )。”

宋(sòng )梅(méi )尧(yáo )臣(chén )《次(cì )答(dá )黄(huáng )介(jiè )夫(fū )七(qī )十(shí )韵(yùn )》：“工(gōng )师(shī )调(diào )五(wǔ )音(yīn )，不(bú )问(wèn )《咸(xián )》与(yǔ )《韺(yīng )》。”

5.複(fú )姓(xìng )。

汉(hàn )有(yǒu )工(gōng )师(shī )喜(xǐ )。见(jiàn )《汉(hàn )书(shū )·高(gāo )惠(huì )高(gāo )后(hòu )文(wén )功(gōng )臣(chén )表(biǎo )》。

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