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(乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，乡(xiāng )里(lǐ ))

1.周(zhōu )制(zhì )，王(wáng )及(jí )诸(zhū )侯(hóu )国(guó )都(dōu )郊(jiāo )内(nèi )置(zhì )乡(xiāng )，民(mín )众(zhòng )聚(jù )居(jū )之(zhī )处(chù )曰(yuē )里(lǐ )。因(yīn )以(yǐ )“乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )”泛(fàn )指(zhǐ )乡(xiāng )民(mín )聚(jù )居(jū )的(de )基(jī )层(céng )单(dān )位(wèi )。

《周(zhōu )礼(lǐ )·地(dì )官(guān )·遗(yí )人(rén )》：“掌(zhǎng )邦(bāng )之(zhī )委(wěi )积(jī )以(yǐ )待(dài )惠(huì )施(shī )，乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )之(zhī )委(wěi )积(jī )以(yǐ )卹(sū )民(mín )之(zhī )艰(jiān )阨(è )。”

郑(zhèng )玄(xuán )注(zhù )：“乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，乡(xiāng )所(suǒ )居(jū )也(yě )。”

《吴(wú )子(zǐ )·治(zhì )兵(bīng )》：“乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )相(xiàng )比(bǐ )，什(shí )伍(wǔ )相(xiàng )保(bǎo )。”

《晋(jìn )书(shū )·隐(yǐn )逸(yì )传(chuán )·陶(táo )潜(qián )》：“吾(wú )不(bú )能(néng )为(wéi )五(wǔ )斗(dòu )米(mǐ )折(shé )腰(yāo )，拳(quán )拳(quán )事(shì )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )小(xiǎo )人(rén )邪(xié )！”朱(zhū )自(zì )清(qīng )《中(zhōng )国(guó )歌(gē )谣(yáo )·歌(gē )谣(yáo )释(shì )名(míng )》：“民(mín )歌(gē )可(kě )以(yǐ )分(fèn )为(wéi )两(liǎng )种(zhǒng )：一(yī )种(zhǒng )为(wéi )自(zì )然(rán )民(mín )谣(yáo )；一(yī )种(zhǒng )为(wéi )假(jiǎ )作(zuò )民(mín )谣(yáo )。二(èr )者(zhě )的(de )共(gòng )同(tóng )点(diǎn )，都(dōu )是(shì )流(liú )行(háng )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )间(jiān )的(de )徒(tú )歌(gē )。”

2.家(jiā )乡(xiāng )；故(gù )里(lǐ )。

《管(guǎn )子(zǐ )·立(lì )政(zhèng )》：“劝(quàn )勉(miǎn )百(bǎi )姓(xìng )，使(shǐ )力(lì )作(zuò )毋(wú )偷(tōu )，怀(huái )乐(lè )家(jiā )室(shì )，重(zhòng )去(qù )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，乡(xiāng )师(shī )之(zhī )事(shì )也(yě )。”

《后(hòu )汉(hàn )书(shū )·刘(liú )盆(pén )子(zǐ )传(chuán )》：“﹝杨(yáng )音(yīn )﹞与(yǔ )徐(xú )宣(xuān )俱(jù )归(guī )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，卒(zú )于(yú )家(jiā )。”

《水(shuǐ )浒(hǔ )传(chuán )》第(dì )三(sān )九(jiǔ )回(huí )：“﹝黄(huáng )文(wén )炳(bǐng )﹞胜(shèng )如(rú )己(jǐ )者(zhě )害(hài )之(zhī )，不(bú )如(rú )己(jǐ )者(zhě )弄(nòng )之(zhī )，专(zhuān )在(zài )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )害(hài )人(rén )。”

叶(yè )圣(shèng )陶(táo )《倪(ní )焕(huàn )之(zhī )》二(èr )六(liù )：“譬(pì )如(rú )蒋(jiǎng )士(shì )镳(biāo )，平(píng )时(shí )欺(qī )侮(wǔ )善(shàn )良(liáng )，横(héng )行(háng )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，那(nà )倒(dǎo )要(yào )当(dāng )心(xīn )点(diǎn )儿(ér )。”

3.居(jū )里(lǐ )或(huò )籍(jí )贯(guàn )相(xiàng )同(tóng )的(de )人(rén )。犹(yóu )乡(xiāng )亲(qīn )；同(tóng )乡(xiāng )。

《墨(mò )子(zǐ )·尚(shàng )贤(xián )中(zhōng )》：“入(rù )则(zé )不(bú )慈(cí )孝(xiào )父(fù )母(mǔ )，出(chū )则(zé )不(bú )长(zhǎng )弟(dì )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )。”

南(nán )朝(cháo )宋(sòng )刘(liú )义(yì )庆(qìng )《世(shì )说(shuō )新(xīn )语(yǔ )·贤(xián )媛(yuán )》：“许(xǔ )允(yǔn )为(wéi )吏(lì )部(bù )郎(láng )，多(duō )用(yòng )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )。”

清(qīng )陈(chén )康(kāng )祺(qí )《郎(láng )潜(qián )记(jì )闻(wén )》卷(juàn )一(yī )：“时(shí )知(zhī )县(xiàn )事(shì )者(zhě )为(wéi )湖(hú )北(běi )温(wēn )壮(zhuàng )勇(yǒng )公(gōng )绍(shào )原(yuán )，陆(lù )制(zhì )军(jūn )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )也(yě )。”

黄(huáng )谷(gǔ )柳(liǔ )《虾(xiā )球(qiú )传(chuán )·难(nán )童(tóng )之(zhī )家(jiā )》：“好(hǎo )，我(wǒ )们(men )两(liǎng )人(rén )算(suàn )是(shì )同(tóng )乡(xiāng )了(le )。喂(wèi )，乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，你(nǐ )大(dà )还(hái )是(shì )我(wǒ )大(dà )？”

4.指(zhǐ )居(jū )里(lǐ )或(huò )籍(jí )贯(guàn )相(xiàng )同(tóng )。

《周(zhōu )书(shū )·寇(kòu )洛(luò )传(chuán )》：“及(jí )贺(hè )拔(bá )岳(yuè )西(xī )征(zhēng )，洛(luò )与(yǔ )之(zhī )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，乃(nǎi )募(mù )从(cóng )入(rù )关(guān )。”

明(míng )王(wáng )琦(qí )《寓(yù )圃(pǔ )杂(zá )记(jì )》卷(juàn )下(xià )：“公(gōng )与(yǔ )熊(xióng )有(yǒu )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )之(zhī )好(hǎo )，因(yīn )以(yǐ )阴(yīn )骘(zhì )之(zhī )说(shuō )谕(yù )之(zhī )，熊(xióng )不(bú )省(shěng )。”

《明(míng )史(shǐ )·奸(jiān )臣(chén )传(chuán )·鄢(yān )懋(mào )卿(qīng )》：“植(zhí )与(yǔ )嵩(sōng )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，尝(cháng )劝(quàn )嵩(sōng )杀(shā )杨(yáng )继(jì )盛(shèng )。”

5.指(zhǐ )妻(qī )。

南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )沉(chén )约(yuē )《山(shān )阴(yīn )柳(liǔ )家(jiā )》诗(shī )：“还(hái )家(jiā )问(wèn )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )，讵(jù )堪(kān )持(chí )作(zuò )夫(fū )？”

《南(nán )史(shǐ )·张(zhāng )彪(biāo )传(chuán )》：“沉(chén )泰(tài )说(shuō )陈(chén )文(wén )帝(dì )遣(qiǎn )章(zhāng )昭(zhāo )达(dá )领(lǐng )千(qiān )兵(bīng )重(zhòng )购(gòu )之(zhī )，并(bìng )图(tú )其(qí )妻(qī )……彪(biāo )知(zhī )不(bú )免(miǎn )，谓(wèi )妻(qī )杨(yáng )呼(hū )为(wéi )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )曰(yuē )：‘我(wǒ )不(bú )忍(rěn )令(lìng )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )落(luò )佗(tuó )处(chù )，今(jīn )当(dāng )先(xiān )杀(shā )乡(xiāng )里(lǐ )然(rán )后(hòu )就(jiù )死(sǐ )。’”

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