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《庄(zhuāng )子(zǐ )·山(shān )木(mù )》载(zǎi )：庄(zhuāng )子(zǐ )行(háng )于(yú )山(shān )中(zhōng )，见(jiàn )大(dà )树(shù )因(yīn )不(bú )材(cái )而(ér )免(miǎn )于(yú )被(bèi )人(rén )砍(kǎn )伐(fá )；后(hòu )又(yòu )见(jiàn )主(zhǔ )人(rén )选(xuǎn )杀(shā )不(bú )会(huì )鸣(míng )叫(jiào )的(de )雁(yàn )以(yǐ )享(xiǎng )客(kè )。弟(dì )子(zǐ )疑(yí )而(ér )问(wèn )于(yú )庄(zhuāng )子(zǐ )：“昨(zuó )日(rì )山(shān )中(zhōng )之(zhī )木(mù )以(yǐ )不(bú )材(cái )得(dé )终(zhōng )其(qí )天(tiān )年(nián )，今(jīn )主(zhǔ )人(rén )之(zhī )雁(yàn )以(yǐ )不(bú )材(cái )死(sǐ )，先(xiān )生(shēng )将(jiāng )何(hé )处(chù )？”庄(zhuāng )子(zǐ )笑(xiào )曰(yuē )：“周(zhōu )将(jiāng )处(chù )乎(hū )材(cái )与(yǔ )不(bú )材(cái )之(zhī )间(jiān )。”这(zhè )是(shì )古(gǔ )代(dài )道(dào )家(jiā )全(quán )身(shēn )远(yuǎn )祸(huò )的(de )处(chù )世(shì )态(tài )度(dù )。后(hòu )因(yīn )以(yǐ )“木(mù )雁(yàn )”比(bǐ )喻(yù )有(yǒu )才(cái )与(yǔ )无(wú )才(cái )。

《南(nán )史(shǐ )·刘(liú )穆(mù )之(zhī )檀(tán )道(dào )济(jì )等(děng )传(chuán )论(lùn )》：“道(dào )济(jì )始(shǐ )因(yīn )录(lù )用(yòng )，故(gù )得(dé )忘(wàng )瑕(xiá )；晚(wǎn )困(kùn )大(dà )名(míng )，以(yǐ )至(zhì )颠(diān )覆(fù )。

韶(sháo )祗(zhī )克(kè )传(chuán )胤(yìn )嗣(sì )，其(qí )木(mù )雁(yàn )之(zhī )间(jiān )乎(hū )。”

唐(táng )权(quán )德(dé )舆(yú )《八(bā )音(yīn )诗(shī )》：“木(mù )雁(yàn )才(cái )不(bú )才(cái )，吾(wú )知(zhī )《养(yǎng )生(shēng )主(zhǔ )》。”

宋(sòng )黄(huáng )庭(tíng )坚(jiān )《赠(zèng )无(wú )咎(jiù )八(bā )音(yīn )歌(gē )》：“木(mù )雁(yàn )两(liǎng )不(bú )居(jū )，相(xiàng )期(qī )无(wú )待(dài )游(yóu )。”

清(qīng )陈(chén )大(dà )章(zhāng )《戊(wù )子(zǐ )生(shēng )日(rì )书(shū )怀(huái )》诗(shī )：“熊(xióng )鱼(yú )自(zì )古(gǔ )难(nán )兼(jiān )味(wèi )，木(mù )雁(yàn )中(zhōng )间(jiān )可(kě )置(zhì )身(shēn )。”

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●木雁（简体版）