三準
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(三(sān )准(zhǔn ),三(sān )准(zhǔn ))
1.指(zhǐ )写(xiě )作(zuò )所(suǒ )应(yīng )注(zhù )意(yì )的(de )三(sān )个(gè )标(biāo )准(zhǔn ):情(qíng )、事(shì )、辞(cí )。
南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )刘(liú )勰(xié )《文(wén )心(xīn )凋(diāo )龙(lóng )·鎔(róng )裁(cái )》:“草(cǎo )创(chuàng )鸿(hóng )笔(bǐ ),先(xiān )标(biāo )三(sān )准(zhǔn ):履(lǚ )端(duān )于(yú )始(shǐ ),则(zé )设(shè )情(qíng )以(yǐ )位(wèi )体(tǐ );举(jǔ )正(zhèng )于(yú )中(zhōng ),则(zé )酌(zhuó )事(shì )以(yǐ )取(qǔ )类(lèi );归(guī )馀(yú )于(yú )终(zhōng ),则(zé )撮(cuō )辞(cí )以(yǐ )举(jǔ )要(yào )。”
2.指(zhǐ )古(gǔ )琴(qín )上(shàng )定(dìng )音(yīn )的(de )三(sān )个(gè )标(biāo )准(zhǔn )区(qū )。古(gǔ )琴(qín )将(jiāng )全(quán )絃(xuàn )分(fèn )为(wéi )十(shí )二(èr )个(gè )段(duàn )落(luò ),在(zài )琴(qín )面(miàn )上(shàng )作(zuò )出(chū )标(biāo )帜(zhì ),当(dāng )做(zuò )调(diào )定(dìng )音(yīn )阶(jiē )的(de )标(biāo )准(zhǔn ),称(chēng )十(shí )三(sān )徽(huī ),每(měi )徽(huī )一(yī )音(yīn )。其(qí )中(zhōng )一(yī )至(zhì )四(sì )徽(huī )谓(wèi )之(zhī )上(shàng )准(zhǔn ),四(sì )至(zhì )七(qī )徽(huī )谓(wèi )之(zhī )中(zhōng )准(zhǔn ),七(qī )徽(huī )至(zhì )絃(xuàn )末(mò )谓(wèi )之(zhī )下(xià )准(zhǔn ),合(hé )称(chēng )三(sān )准(zhǔn )。见(jiàn )《宋(sòng )史(shǐ )·乐(lè )志(zhì )十(shí )七(qī )》引(yǐn )宋(sòng )姜(jiāng )夔(kuí )《乐(lè )议(yì )》。
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