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(声(shēng )病(bìng )，声(shēng )病(bìng ))

指(zhǐ )诗(shī )文(wén )声(shēng )律(lǜ )上(shàng )的(de )毛(máo )病(bìng )。做(zuò )诗(shī )讲(jiǎng )求(qiú )韵(yùn )律(lǜ )，探(tàn )讨(tǎo )声(shēng )病(bìng )，始(shǐ )自(zì )南(nán )朝(cháo )梁(liáng )沉(chén )约(yuē )等(děng )，至(zhì )唐(táng )乃(nǎi )有(yǒu )此(cǐ )称(chēng )。

唐(táng )时(shí )以(yǐ )诗(shī )赋(fù )取(qǔ )士(shì )，常(cháng )以(yǐ )此(cǐ )决(jué )定(dìng )优(yōu )劣(liè )取(qǔ )捨(shě )。

唐(táng )元(yuán )稹(zhěn )《叙(xù )诗(shī )寄(jì )乐(lè )天(tiān )书(shū )》：“稹(zhěn )九(jiǔ )岁(suì )学(xué )赋(fù )诗(shī )，长(zhǎng )者(zhě )往(wǎng )往(wǎng )惊(jīng )其(qí )可(kě )教(jiāo )。年(nián )十(shí )五(wǔ )六(liù )，初(chū )识(shí )声(shēng )病(bìng )。”

宋(sòng )苏(sū )轼(shì )《乞(qǐ )不(bú )分(fèn )差(chà )经(jīng )义(yì )诗(shī )赋(fù )试(shì )官(guān )札(zhá )子(zǐ )》：“试(shì )经(jīng )义(yì )者(zhě )主(zhǔ )虚(xū )浮(fú )之(zhī )文(wén )，考(kǎo )试(shì )赋(fù )者(zhě )主(zhǔ )声(shēng )病(bìng )之(zhī )学(xué )，纷(fēn )纭(yún )争(zhēng )竞(jìng )，理(lǐ )在(zài )不(bú )疑(yí )。”

《资(zī )治(zhì )通(tōng )鉴(jiàn )·唐(táng )代(dài )宗(zōng )广(guǎng )德(dé )元(yuán )年(nián )》：“考(kǎo )文(wén )者(zhě )以(yǐ )声(shēng )病(bìng )为(wéi )是(shì )非(fēi )。”

胡(hú )三(sān )省(shěng )注(zhù )：“声(shēng )病(bìng )，谓(wèi )以(yǐ )平(píng )、上(shàng )、去(qù )、入(rù )四(sì )声(shēng )辑(jí )而(ér )成(chéng )文(wén )，音(yīn )从(cóng )声(shēng )顺(shùn )谓(wèi )之(zhī )声(shēng )，反(fǎn )是(shì )则(zé )谓(wèi )之(zhī )病(bìng )。”

清(qīng )黄(huáng )宗(zōng )羲(xī )《明(míng )夷(yí )待(dài )访(fǎng )录(lù )·取(qǔ )士(shì )上(shàng )》：“昔(xī )之(zhī )诗(shī )赋(fù )亦(yì )何(hé )足(zú )以(yǐ )得(dé )士(shì )，然(rán )必(bì )费(fèi )考(kǎo )索(suǒ )，推(tuī )声(shēng )病(bìng )，未(wèi )有(yǒu )若(ruò )时(shí )文(wén )，空(kōng )疏(shū )不(bú )学(xué )之(zhī )人(rén )皆(jiē )可(kě )为(wéi )之(zhī )也(yě )。”参(cān )阅(yuè )郭(guō )绍(shào )虞(yú )《永(yǒng )明(míng )声(shēng )病(bìng )说(shuō )》、《再(zài )论(lùn )永(yǒng )明(míng )声(shēng )病(bìng )说(shuō )》。

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●声病（简体版）