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子(zǐ )恆(héng )字(zì )巨(jù )山(shān ),年(nián )少(shǎo )时(shí )被(bèi )司(sī )空(kōng )变(biàn )王(wáng )府(fǔ )征(zhēng )用(yòng ),转(zhuǎn )太(tài )子(zǐ )舍(shě )人(rén )、尚(shàng )书(shū )郎(láng )、秘(mì )书(shū )丞(chéng )、太(tài )子(zǐ )庶(shù )子(zǐ )、黄(huáng )门(mén )郎(láng )。子(zǐ )恆(héng )善(shàn )于(yú )草(cǎo )隶(lì )书(shū ),作(zuò )《四(sì )体(tǐ )书(shū )势(shì )》说(shuō ):

过(guò )去(qù )在(zài )黄(huáng )帝(dì )时(shí )代(dài ),创(chuàng )造(zào )制(zhì )度(dù )博(bó )物(wù )。有(yǒu )叫(jiào )沮(jǔ )诵(sòng )、仓(cāng )颉(jié )的(de )人(rén ),开(kāi )始(shǐ )发(fā )明(míng )了(le )文(wén )字(zì ),来(lái )代(dài )替(tì )结(jié )绳(shéng ),大(dà )概(gài )是(shì )看(kàn )到(dào )了(le )乌(wū )的(de )足(zú )迹(jì )而(ér )引(yǐn )发(fā )了(le )灵(líng )感(gǎn )。后(hòu )来(lái )不(bú )断(duàn )改(gǎi )进(jìn ),成(chéng )为(wéi )字(zì ),有(yǒu )六(liù )种(zhǒng )造(zào )字(zì )方(fāng )法(fǎ )。一(yī )是(shì )指(zhǐ )事(shì ),比(bǐ )如(rú )上(shàng )、下(xià )就(jiù )是(shì )。二(èr )是(shì )象(xiàng )形(xíng ),比(bǐ )如(rú )日(rì )、月(yuè )就(jiù )是(shì )。三(sān )是(shì )形(xíng )声(shēng ),比(bǐ )如(rú )江(jiāng )、河(hé )就(jiù )是(shì )。四(sì )是(shì )会(huì )意(yì ),比(bǐ )如(rú )武(wǔ )、信(xìn )就(jiù )是(shì )。五(wǔ )是(shì )转(zhuǎn )注(zhù ),比(bǐ )如(rú )考(kǎo )、老(lǎo )就(jiù )是(shì )。六(liù )是(shì )假(jiǎ )借(jiè ),比(bǐ )如(rú )令(lìng )、长(zhǎng )就(jiù )是(shì )。所(suǒ )谓(wèi )指(zhǐ )事(shì ),在(zài )上(shàng )边(biān )就(jiù )是(shì )上(shàng ),在(zài )下(xià )边(biān )就(jiù )是(shì )下(xià )。所(suǒ )谓(wèi )象(xiàng )形(xíng ),太(tài )阳(yáng )圆(yuán )月(yuè )亮(liàng )弯(wān ),仿(fǎng )效(xiào )其(qí )形(xíng )状(zhuàng )。所(suǒ )谓(wèi )形(xíng )声(shēng ),以(yǐ )事(shì )类(lèi )为(wéi )形(xíng ),再(zài )配(pèi )上(shàng )声(shēng )。所(suǒ )谓(wèi )会(huì )意(yì ),制(zhì )止(zhǐ )兵(bīng )戈(gē )是(shì )武(wǔ ),人(rén )的(de )言(yán )论(lùn )是(shì )信(xìn )。所(suǒ )谓(wèi )转(zhuǎn )注(zhù ),指(zhǐ )老(lǎo )和(hé )考(kǎo )义(yì )同(tóng )。所(suǒ )谓(wèi )假(jiǎ )借(jiè ),指(zhǐ )几(jǐ )个(gè )词(cí )同(tóng )一(yī )个(gè )字(zì ),声(shēng )音(yīn )虽(suī )然(rán )不(bú )同(tóng ),含(hán )义(yì )却(què )相(xiàng )同(tóng )。从(cóng )黄(huáng )帝(dì )到(dào )三(sān )代(dài ),文(wén )字(zì )没(méi )有(yǒu )改(gǎi )易(yì )。到(dào )了(le )秦(qín )代(dài )用(yòng )篆(zhuàn )书(shū ),焚(fén )烧(shāo )先(xiān )朝(cháo )典(diǎn )籍(jí ),因(yīn )而(ér )古(gǔ )文(wén )字(zì )绝(jué )迹(jì )。汉(hàn )武(wǔ )帝(dì )时(shí ),鲁(lǔ )恭(gōng )王(wáng )拆(chāi )孔(kǒng )子(zǐ )宅(zhái ),得(dé )到(dào )《尚(shàng )割(gē )、《春(chūn )秋(qiū )》、《论(lùn )语(yǔ )》、《孝(xiào )经(jīng )》。当(dāng )时(shí )的(de )人(rén )已(yǐ )不(bú )再(zài )知(zhī )道(dào )有(yǒu )古(gǔ )文(wén )字(zì ),把(bǎ )它(tā )们(men )叫(jiào )作(zuò )科(kē )斗(dòu )文(wén )。汉(hàn )代(dài )秘(mì )藏(cáng ),难(nán )得(dé )见(jiàn )到(dào )。魏(wèi )初(chū )传(chuán )古(gǔ )文(wén )字(zì )的(de ),出(chū )于(yú )邯(hán )郸(dān )淳(chún )。卫(wèi )恒(héng )的(de )祖(zǔ )先(xiān )敬(jìng )侯(hóu )抄(chāo )写(xiě )邯(hán )郸(dān )淳(chún )传(chuán )《尚(shàng )书(shū )》,后(hòu )来(lái )拿(ná )给(gěi )邯(hán )郸(dān )淳(chún )看(kàn ),而(ér )邯(hán )郸(dān )淳(chún )不(bú )能(néng )辨(biàn )别(bié )。到(dào )了(le )正(zhèng )始(shǐ )年(nián )间(jiān ),立(lì )三(sān )字(zì )石(shí )经(jīng ),转(zhuǎn )而(ér )失(shī )去(qù )了(le )邯(hán )郸(dān )淳(chún )的(de )书(shū )法(fǎ ),根(gēn )据(jù )科(kē )斗(dòu )文(wén )的(de )名(míng )称(chēng ),于(yú )是(shì )效(xiào )仿(fǎng )科(kē )斗(dòu )的(de )形(xíng )状(zhuàng )。太(tài )康(kāng )元(yuán )年(nián ),汲(jí )县(xiàn )人(rén )盗(dào )挖(wā )魏(wèi )襄(xiāng )王(wáng )墓(mù ),得(dé )到(dào )策(cè )书(shū )十(shí )余(yú )万(wàn )字(zì )。考(kǎo )定(dìng )敬(jìng )侯(hóu )的(de )书(shū )法(fǎ ),仍(réng )能(néng )看(kàn )出(chū )大(dà )概(gài )。古(gǔ )书(shū )也(yě )有(yǒu )几(jǐ )种(zhǒng ),其(qí )中(zhōng )一(yī )卷(juàn )论(lùn )楚(chǔ )事(shì )的(de )最(zuì )好(hǎo )。卫(wèi )恒(héng )喜(xǐ )欢(huān ),因(yīn )此(cǐ )竭(jié )尽(jìn )思(sī )虑(lǜ ),来(lái )弘(hóng )扬(yáng )它(tā )书(shū )法(fǎ )的(de )美(měi )妙(miào ),惭(cán )愧(kuì )的(de )是(shì )不(bú )足(zú )以(yǐ )与(yǔ )前(qián )代(dài )贤(xián )人(rén )之(zhī )作(zuò )相(xiàng )提(tí )并(bìng )论(lùn ),仅(jǐn )希(xī )望(wàng )能(néng )以(yǐ )此(cǐ )保(bǎo )存(cún )古(gǔ )人(rén )的(de )遣(qiǎn )风(fēng )。古(gǔ )代(dài )没(méi )有(yǒu )别(bié )名(míng ),就(jiù )叫(jiào )作(zuò )字(zì )势(shì )。

“黄(huáng )帝(dì )的(de )史(shǐ )官(guān ),沮(jǔ )诵(sòng )、仓(cāng )颉(jié ),观(guān )察(chá )乌(wū )的(de )足(zú )迹(jì ),首(shǒu )先(xiān )发(fā )明(míng )文(wén )字(zì )。治(zhì )理(lǐ )万(wàn )事(shì ),制(zhì )定(dìng )法(fǎ )律(lǜ )制(zhì )度(dù ),帝(dì )王(wáng )典(diǎn )章(zhāng )得(dé )以(yǐ )宣(xuān )扬(yáng ),时(shí )代(dài )风(fēng )尚(shàng )留(liú )传(chuán )于(yú )世(shì )。到(dào )了(le )暴(bào )虐(nuè )的(de )秦(qín )朝(cháo ),作(zuò )恶(è )滔(tāo )天(tiān ),道(dào )义(yì )泯(mǐn )灭(miè )之(zhī )后(hòu ),古(gǔ )文(wén )也(yě )绝(jué )迹(jì )。魏(wèi )文(wén )帝(dì )好(hǎo )古(gǔ ),世(shì )传(chuán )《九(jiǔ )丘(qiū )》、《三(sān )坟(fén )》,历(lì )代(dài )无(wú )人(rén )阐(chǎn )发(fā ),真(zhēn )伪(wěi )不(bú )分(fèn )。大(dà )晋(jìn )创(chuàng )始(shǐ ),弘(hóng )扬(yáng )道(dào )义(yì ),上(shàng )天(tiān )显(xiǎn )现(xiàn )天(tiān )象(xiàng ),大(dà )地(dì )闪(shǎn )耀(yào )文(wén )采(cǎi )。文(wén )采(cǎi )闪(shǎn )耀(yào ),灿(càn )烂(làn )有(yǒu )章(zhāng )法(fǎ ),根(gēn )据(jù )声(shēng )音(yīn )会(huì )意(yì ),模(mó )仿(fǎng )事(shì )物(wù )有(yǒu )方(fāng ):日(rì )主(zhǔ )君(jūn )则(zé )度(dù )数(shù )圆(yuán )满(mǎn ),月(yuè )主(zhǔ )臣(chén )则(zé )旁(páng )边(biān )亏(kuī )损(sǔn );云(yún )从(cóng )容(róng )分(fèn )布(bù )在(zài )上(shàng )空(kōng ),星(xīng )辰(chén )闪(shǎn )烁(shuò )发(fā )光(guāng );禾(hé )卉(huì )茂(mào )盛(shèng )垂(chuí )穗(suì ),山(shān )岳(yuè )巍(wēi )峨(é )连(lián )绵(mián );昆(kūn )虫(chóng )好(hǎo )像(xiàng )在(zài )爬(pá )行(háng ),乌(wū )好(hǎo )像(xiàng )要(yào )飞(fēi )还(hái )没(méi )飞(fēi )起(qǐ )来(lái )。观(guān )看(kàn )古(gǔ )人(rén )运(yùn )行(háng )笔(bǐ )墨(mò ),用(yòng )心(xīn )精(jīng )审(shěn )专(zhuān )一(yī );笔(bǐ )势(shì )和(hé )顺(shùn )字(zì )体(tǐ )均(jūn )匀(yún ),落(luò )笔(bǐ )收(shōu )笔(bǐ )没(méi )有(yǒu )停(tíng )顿(dùn )。有(yǒu )的(de )字(zì )遵(zūn )循(xún )规(guī )矩(jǔ )法(fǎ )度(dù ),该(gāi )方(fāng )就(jiù )方(fāng )该(gāi )圆(yuán )就(jiù )圆(yuán );有(yǒu )的(de )字(zì )方(fāng )圆(yuán )没(méi )有(yǒu )规(guī )则(zé ),因(yīn )行(háng )文(wén )内(nèi )容(róng )临(lín )时(shí )决(jué )定(dìng )。其(qí )曲(qǔ )如(rú )弓(gōng ),其(qí )直(zhí )如(rú )弦(xián )。起(qǐ )笔(bǐ )突(tū )出(chū ),好(hǎo )像(xiàng )龙(lóng )在(zài )山(shān )川(chuān )飞(fēi )腾(téng );收(shōu )笔(bǐ )逐(zhú )渐(jiàn )轻(qīng )淡(dàn ),好(hǎo )像(xiàng )雨(yǔ )水(shuǐ )从(cóng )天(tiān )空(kōng )落(luò )下(xià )。或(huò )运(yùn )笔(bǐ )用(yòng )力(lì ),像(xiàng )鸿(hóng )雁(yàn )高(gāo )飞(fēi ),飘(piāo )渺(miǎo )翩(piān )翩(piān );或(huò )奔(bēn )放(fàng )婀(ē )娜(nà ),像(xiàng )流(liú )苏(sū )垂(chuí )羽(yǔ ),细(xì )密(mì )连(lián )贯(guàn )。因(yīn )此(cǐ )从(cóng )远(yuǎn )处(chù )看(kàn ),像(xiàng )风(fēng )吹(chuī )水(shuǐ )劲(jìn ),清(qīng )波(bō )涟(lián )漪(yī );走(zǒu )近(jìn )仔(zǎi )细(xì )看(kàn ),就(jiù )像(xiàng )自(zì )然(rán )。确(què )信(xìn )黄(huáng )唐(táng )的(de )遣(qiǎn )迹(jì ),是(shì )六(liù )艺(yì )的(de )典(diǎn )范(fàn )。籀(zhòu )书(shū )篆(zhuàn )文(wén )是(shì )其(qí )子(zǐ )孙(sūn ),隶(lì )书(shū )草(cǎo )字(zì )是(shì )其(qí )曾(céng )孙(sūn )玄(xuán )孙(sūn )。看(kàn )着(zhe )物(wù )象(xiàng )可(kě )以(yǐ )引(yǐn )发(fā )思(sī )绪(xù ),不(bú )是(shì )言(yán )辞(cí )能(néng )表(biǎo )达(dá )出(chū )来(lái )的(de )。”

过(guò )去(qù )周(zhōu )宣(xuān )王(wáng )时(shí )代(dài ),史(shǐ )籀(zhòu )开(kāi )始(shǐ )着(zhe )《大(dà )篆(zhuàn )》十(shí )五(wǔ )篇(piān ),有(yǒu )的(de )字(zì )与(yǔ )古(gǔ )字(zì )同(tóng ),有(yǒu )的(de )字(zì )与(yǔ )古(gǔ )字(zì )不(bú )同(tóng ),就(jiù )是(shì )世(shì )人(rén )称(chēng )为(wéi )籀(zhòu )书(shū )的(de )文(wén )字(zì )。到(dào )了(le )平(píng )王(wáng )束(shù )迁(qiān ),诸(zhū )侯(hóu )当(dāng )权(quán ),国(guó )家(jiā )之(zhī )间(jiān )有(yǒu )差(chà )异(yì ),而(ér )文(wén )字(zì )形(xíng )体(tǐ )也(yě )不(bú )同(tóng )。秦(qín )始(shǐ )皇(huáng )开(kāi )始(shǐ )兼(jiān )并(bìng )天(tiān )下(xià ),丞(chéng )相(xiàng )李(lǐ )斯(sī )奏(zòu )请(qǐng )改(gǎi )进(jìn ),废(fèi )除(chú )与(yǔ )秦(qín )国(guó )文(wén )字(zì )不(bú )合(hé )的(de )文(wén )字(zì )。李(lǐ )毖(bì )作(zuò )《仓(cāng )颉(jié )篇(piān )》,中(zhōng )车(chē )府(fǔ )令(lìng )赵(zhào )高(gāo )作(zuò )

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